Chapter 2: Neurotransmitters and Types of Neurons

Glutamate

Major excitatory signals to stimulate neurons into action

GABA

Reduces neuronal excitability and promotes relaxation

Acetylcholine

Muscles contraction, memory, and learning

Dopamine

It is crucial for regulating the reward system, movement and emotion, and imbalances can lead to conditions such as schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, and appetite, and imbalances are often linked to depression and anxiety.

Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter involved in arousal, alertness, and stress response, often associated with the fight-or-flight response.

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and are associated with exercise. They help reduce pain and improve mood.

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Neurons that carry sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. They play a crucial role in processing external stimuli.

Motor (efferent) neurons

Neurons that transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, facilitating movement and responses to stimuli.

Interneurons

Neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons within the central nervous system, facilitating communication between them and processing information.