Biology Unit 2, cell parts

Prokaryote

very small single celled organism that does not have a nucleus; bacteria

eukaryote

large cells that have a nucleus and form multicellular organisms; plants, animals, fungi and protists

chloroplast

an organelle found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs

cell wall

strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria

vacuole

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

virus

\n DNA surrounded by a protein shell that must invade another cell and use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself

cell

the basic unit of life

organelle

small structures inside a cell with specific functions

cell membrane

regulates materials entering and exiting the cell.

cytoplasm

all cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus (organells + cytosol)

nucleus

membrane bound; contains DNA; regulates DNA & RNA actions

nucleolus

organelle inside the nucleus; produces RNA, which is used to make protein

dna

Deoxyribonucleic acid; information on how to make protein

chromosomes

organized dna

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Transportation route for Proteins; tubes and channels

ribosomes

\n makes proteins; small circular organelles

vacuoles

storage for water, nutrients, or waste; small membrane-bound organelle.

lysosomes

\n Packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell; small membrane-bound organelles

mitocondria

\n produce energy for the cell-site of cellular respiration; "Powerhouse"; double membrane-bound, kidney shaped

Golgi Apparatus

Packages, labels, and ships proteins out of the cell; pancake-shaped layered organelle

cytoskeleton

Provides support and structure for the cell; tubules

flagella

one long fiber that provides movement for the cell

cilia

many short fibers that provide movement for the cell

hydrophilic

part of the cell membrane that loves water (head portion)

hydrophobic

part of the cell membrane that hates water (tails portion)