Lifespan: CH 7 Pt 2: Physical and Cognitive in early childhood

What is the age for piaget’s pre-op stage?

2 to 7

Piaget’s Pre-op stage: ____________ in representational activity, such as make-believe play, and symbol-real-world relations

Big gains

Piaget’s Pre-op stage: ___________ in thinking, such as egocentrism, lack of conservation, and hierarchical classification

Limitations

Make-believe play helps child: detach from _________

real life

Make-believe play helps child: less __________

self-centered

Make-believe play helps child: more _______

complex

Make-believe play: This develops here, it’s coordinating a plot and several roles for other? (ex. playing family)

Sociodramatic play

Make believe is very beneficial and contributes to ________________________

cognitive and social skills

Make-believe help cognitive capacites such as what?

Memory, executive functions, logical reasoning, and language

Fail to see others’ point of view?

Egocentrism

Egocentrism: Believing non-living objects are real or alive?

Animistic thinking or magical beliefs

Egocentrism: Makes it harder to recognize _______ and fix incorrect thinking

mistakes

Pre-Op Thought Limitations: Inability to _________, meaning that they don’t understand that object stay the same despite changes in appearance

conserve

Pre-Op Thought Limitations: Focus on one aspect, and neglect others?

Centration

Pre-Op Thought Limitations: Inability to mentally undo a sequence of steps?

Irreversibility

Pre-Op Thought Limitations: Lack of ____________________________, meaning they cannot group objects by similarities and differences

hierarchical classification

Follow up research on Pre-Op Thought: Egocentrism- Can take others’ _____________

perspective

Follow up research on Pre-Op Thought: Egocentrism- Magical thinking = ?

lack of knowledge

Follow up research on Pre-Op Thought: Logical Thinking- Think logically for ______________

simple tasks

Follow up research on Pre-Op Thought: Logical thinking- Struggle with ______________ only

hard info

Follow up research on Pre-Op Thought: Categorization- Can put __________ in groups

objects

Follow up research on Pre-Op Thought: Categorization- _____________ based off group

Infer traits

Ability to understand that others have different beliefs, desires, and intentions than you do?

Theory of mind

Theory of Mind is important for what?

social interaction

What ages develop theory of mind?

3 to 5

Theory of mind: Allows child to predict ________

behavior

Theory of mind: Allows child to ___________ others behavior

understand

Absorbed in the self?

Autism

Autism have difficulty with ____________, by having trouble understanding others, and limited social and emotional understanding

theory of mind

Why would autism children have difficulty with theory of mind?

Weak executive functions or incomplete info processing

Language development: Vocab- Quickly learn a new word after hearing it a few times?

Fast mapping

How many words do these children acquire a day?

5

Language development: Grammar- Applying grammar rules too broadly? (ex. goed, should be went)

overregularization

Language development: Conversation - Using language the right way in social situations?

Pragmatics

Language development is supported by what?

Recasts and expansions

Correcting a child’s speech without directly criticizing?

Recasts

Restating a child’s words in a more correct form?

Explansions