Terms - Chapter 3

abduct

to move away from the midline

adjacent

being near or close

anemia

No blood

antepartum

before birth

antigen

A substance that when introduced into the body stimulates the production of an antibody

apnea

cessation of breathing

bilateral

pertaining to two sides

bipolar

having two poles

bradygastria

decreased rate of electrical pacemaker activity in the stomach

circumcision

Circular cut

congenital

Irregularity present at birth (having 6 fingers)

contraindicated

Against recommendation

cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

decongestant

A medication or treatment that decreases congestion, as of the sinuses

dextrogastria

Displacement of the stomach to the right

diameter

through measurement

diatomic

having two atoms

diplopic

pertaining to double vision

disinfect

To cleanse so as to destroy or prevent the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms

dysplasia

abnormal development in numbers

dyspnea

difficulty in breathing

dystrophy

poor development

dysuria

painful sensation upon urination

ectopic

out of normal position

endometrial

Within the uterus

epidermis

above the skin

equicaloric

Equal in terms of calories

erythrocyte

red blood cell

eupnea

Normal breathing

exophthalmos

(Graves disease) protrusion of the eyeball to the outside

extrahepatic

outside the liver

hemiplegia

one side paralysis

heterosexual

A person whose sexual orientation is toward people of the opposite sex

homeostasis

A property of cells, tissues, and organisms that allows the maintenance and regulation of the stability

homosexual

Having a sexual orientation to persons of the same sex

hypertension

High blood pressure

hyperthyroidism

over activity of the thyroid gland

hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

hypothyroidism

abnormally low activity of the thyroid gland

impermeable

not allowing fluid to pass through

infrascapular

below the shoulder blade

insignificant

having no importance

interstitial

Relating to or situated in the small, narrow spaces between tissues or parts of an organ

intravenous

within the vein

isochromatic

Having the same color

juxtaposition

A location near another structure

leukoplakia

having white patches in the mouth

macrodactyly

A condition of abnormally large fingers or toes

malignant

cancerous tumor that spreads like fire

megalomania

A psychopathological condition characterized by delusional fantasies of wealth, power, or omnipotence

melanin

the dark pigment that colors the hair and skin

mesoderm

Middle layer of a developing embryo

microbiological

The branch of biology that deals with microorganisms

microdactyly

A condition of abnormal smallness of fingers or toes

monocular

A microscope with one lens

monodactyly

An animal having only one digit on each extremity

multicellular

Consisting of many cells

neocortex

The dorsal region of the cerebral cortex, especially large in primates, thought to have evolved more recently than other parts of the brain

nonhuman

not appropriate to human beings

normothermic

Having normal body temperature

oligodactyly

Congenital condition in which some fingers or toes are missing

oligodontia

Less than the normal number of teeth

orthognathism

The condition of having straight jaws

pachydactyly

abnormal thickness of the fingers

pachydactyly

Enlargement of the fingers or toes, especially extremities

panplegia

total paralysis

parathyroid gland

A location Near the thyroid gland

peritoneal

peritoneum

permeable

capable of being penetrated by liquids or gases

poikilothermic

Having different body temperature

poliomyelitis

inflammation of the gray matter of the brain

polydactyly

A person or animal with digits more than the normal number of digits

polyphagia

excessive appetite

postmortem

after death

premenstrual

period before menstruation

primary

occurring first in time or sequence

primitive

occurring first in time or sequence

prophase

first stage of cell division

prosthesis

artificial limb added to the body

pseudogenes

A segment of DNA that resembles a gene but Is not functional and usually not transcribed

quadriplegia

paralysis of four limbs

resection

Cutting back and forth in a sense of removal

retrogastric

behind the stomach

semilunar

shaped like a half moon

sinistromanual

left-handed

staphylococcus

round bacteria that form clusters

streptobacillus

a rod-shaped bacterium that forms chains

subpatellar

below the kneecap

supernumerary

In excess number

superscript

Something written above

supraabdominal

above the abdomen

symbiosis

Two dissimilar organisms living together

syndactyly

A congenital anomaly in humans marked by webbing or fusion of the fingers or toes

syndrome

Group of signs and symptoms that occur together

tachycardia

rapid heart rhythm

telencephalon

Endbrain

telophase

Last stage of cell division

tetrad

four components

tetradactyly

Having four digits on each extremity

transdermal

pertaining to through the skin