Study Guide unit 6 AP world

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Explain social darwinism and how it contributed to the development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900

Social Darwinism applied 'survival of the fittest' to human societies, asserting the superiority of certain races/nations. From 1750-1900, it justified imperialist expansion, leading to the domination, colonization, and resource exploitation of weaker nations.

explain the concept of the civilizing mission and how it contributed to the development of imperialism from 1750 to 1900

The civilizing mission was a belief held by European powers that they had a duty to bring civilization and enlightenment to 'backward' societies. This ideology justified imperialism by portraying the conquest and colonization of non-Western countries as a benevolent effort to uplift those populations, often masking the exploitative nature of imperialist policies.

explain how the british took greater control over their colony in India

The British gradually expanded control over India through a combination of military conquest, political manipulation, and economic exploitation, culminating in the direct rule of the British Crown after the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857.

explain king leopold II and his involvement with the congo

King Leopold II of Belgium was responsible for the brutal exploitation of the Congo Free State during his personal rule from 1885 to 1908, promoting forced labor and atrocities committed against the Congolese people to extract valuable resources, particularly rubber.

what territories did the US acquire in the 1750 to 1900 time period

The United States acquired various territories, including the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, Florida from Spain in 1819, Texas in 1845, and territories from the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), such as California and New Mexico.

what territories did japan acquire in the 1750 to 1900 time period

Japan acquired territories such as Taiwan following the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, and it expanded its influence in Korea, which was formally annexed in 1910.

how and why did european states expand empires in africa

European states expanded their empires in Africa through colonization and the establishment of trade routes, driven by the desire for resources, economic gain, and strategic advantages during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

what factors led to the decline of the spanish and portuguese based on their height of power in the 1450 to 1750 time period

Several factors, including economic troubles, military defeats, and competition from other European powers, contributed to the decline of Spanish and Portuguese empires in the 17th century. Internal strife and colonial mismanagement also weakened their dominance.

what is a settler colony and give an example of one from 1450 to 1750 time period

A settler colony is a territory established by a group of settlers who migrate to inhabit and govern the area. An example is colonial Virginia, where English settlers established a permanent presence in North America.

what occurred during the indian revolt of 1857 and what was the outcome?

The Indian Revolt of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, was a major uprising against British rule in India. The outcome led to the dissolution of the British East India Company and the establishment of direct British governance over India.

how do you think this revolt would influence later events in india in the 20th century

The Indian Revolt of 1857 sparked nationalist sentiments and movements that would grow in the 20th century, influencing leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and the push for independence from British rule.

Describe an indigenous responses to state expansion
a.  Name of event
b. what happened during the event
c. what was the outcome

The event is the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. During this event, the Pueblo people revolted against Spanish colonial rule to regain control over their lands and religious practices. The outcome was a significant, although temporary, success, as the Pueblos expelled the Spanish for over a decade before they returned.

describe a rebellion that took place during the 1750-1900 time period

The Taiping Rebellion, which occurred in China from 1850 to 1864, was a massive civil war against the Qing dynasty led by Hong Xiuquan, who claimed to be the brother of Jesus Christ. The rebellion aimed to establish a new kingdom based on social reforms and resulted in millions of casualties.

give specific examples of environmental factors that contributed to the development of the global economy from 1750 to 1900

Key environmental factors included the Industrial Revolution's reliance on natural resources (coal, iron), agricultural expansion due to climate changes and innovations, and global trade routes for raw materials.

what is economic imperialism? how is this different from the imperialism practiced in the 1450 to 1750 time period

Economic imperialism is economic dominance through investment or trade, differing from 1450-1750 imperialism which relied on territorial conquest and direct political control.

what factors caused the opium wars

The Opium Wars were caused by Britain's trade of opium in China, leading to widespread addiction and social issues. China's attempts to suppress opium trade generated conflict with Britain, culminating in military confrontations.

what were the effects of the opium wars

The Opium Wars resulted in significant political and economic changes in China, including the Treaty of Nanking, which ceded Hong Kong to Britain, opened several ports to foreign trade, and marked the beginning of the "century of humiliation" for China.

describe the “spheres of influence” established in china after the opium wars. What impacts did this have on china? what states had spheres of influence

Spheres of influence in China were regions where foreign powers had exclusive trading rights and political influence after the Opium Wars, significantly limiting Chinese sovereignty. The main states involved included Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan.

describe the other economic factors that contributed to the development of a global economy from 1750 to 1900

The development of a global economy from 1750 to 1900 was influenced by factors such as industrialization, advancements in transportation and communication, and increasing international trade. These elements facilitated the exchange of goods, capital, and labor across borders, leading to interconnected markets.

give specific examples of how environmental factors drove migration in the 1750 to 1900 time period

Environmental factors like famine, natural disasters, and agricultural opportunities drove migration (1750-1900), notably the Irish Potato Famine to the US and Central Asian droughts to fertile regions.

how did indentured servitude change in this period in relation to the 1450 to 1750 time period

Indentured servitude evolved in this period as it became more structured and formalized, reflecting shifts in labor demands post-1750. It included longer contracts, varying regions of origin, and was increasingly tied to colonial economies, contrasting with the earlier, less regulated practices of the 1450 to 1750 period.

why did the use of indentured servitude increase during the 1750-1900 time period

The use of indentured servitude increased during the 1750-1900 time period due to labor shortages in colonies and industrializing nations, as well as the promise of land and wages, making it an attractive option for many seeking economic opportunities.

how did new technologies that resulted from the industrial revolution facilitate migrations during 1750-1900

New technologies from the Industrial Revolution, such as steamships and railroads, significantly facilitated migrations by improving transportation speed and accessibility, enabling people to move more easily across regions and continents.

describe a specific group that migrated due to environmental factors

The Irish during the Great Famine in the 1840s, who fled their homeland due to potato blight and severe food shortages.

what is an ethnic enclave (give at least one example)

An ethnic enclave is a geographic area with a high concentration of a specific ethnic group, often maintaining its cultural identity. An example is Chinatowns in major cities like San Francisco, where Chinese immigrants have preserved their culture and language.

how did ethnic enclaves create cultural and social changes

Ethnic enclaves fostered cultural preservation and economic support among immigrants, allowing communities to maintain their traditions while adapting to new societal contexts, ultimately influencing the broader culture of host countries.

what was the chinese exclusion act

The Chinese Exclusion Act was a federal law enacted in 1882 that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers to the United States. It was the first significant law restricting immigration based on nationality and aimed to reduce the growing Chinese population in America.

what was the white australia policy

The White Australia Policy was a series of laws that restricted non-European immigration to Australia, beginning in 1901. Its aim was to maintain Australia's racial composition and prevent Asian immigration.

how are the chinese exclusion act and the white australia policy reflections of ethnic and racial prejudice that resulted from migrations in this period

Both the Chinese Exclusion Act and the White Australia Policy reflect the nativist sentiments and racial prejudices that emerged during periods of increased immigration. They exemplify how governments responded to fears of cultural dilution and economic competition by implementing laws that discriminated against specific ethnic groups.

give specific examples of how migrations in the 1750 to 1900 time period affected society

Migrations during this period led to significant cultural exchanges, urbanization, labor movements, and the rise of racial tensions. For example, the influx of Irish immigrants in the U.S. contributed to the growth of cities and the labor force, while also inciting nativist backlash.