Socio-Emotional Development

These flashcards cover key concepts of socio-emotional development including definitions and explanations of emotions, attachment theories, types of temperament, and emotional intelligence.

What are basic emotions and give some examples?

Basic emotions are an automatic and unlearned set of emotions that arise early in development, including happiness, sadness, fear, anger, interest, and disgust.

What are emotional display rules?

Emotional display rules are culturally determined norms for when, how, and to whom emotions should or should not be shown.

What are emotion schemas?

Emotion schemas are all the associations and interpretations that an individual connects to a certain emotion.

What is social referencing?

Social referencing is using the reactions of others to determine how to react in novel situations.

What is empathy?

Empathy is the ability to share the feelings of other people.

What is sympathy?

Sympathy is concern for others' welfare that often leads to helping or comforting them.

What are self-conscious emotions?

Self-conscious emotions are emotions that depend on awareness of oneself, such as pride, guilt, and shame.

What are the three types of temperament defined by Chess & Thomas?

The three types of temperament are easy temperament, difficult temperament, and slow-to-warm temperament.

What does 'goodness of fit' refer to?

Goodness of fit refers to how well the child’s temperament matches with the demands of their development.

What does emotional intelligence encompass?

Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions to relieve stress and empathize with others.

Can children regulate emotions and how do they learn?

Children rely on caregivers for emotional regulation, gradually learning self-soothing and signaling their needs.

What is the difference between emotion coaching and emotion dismissing?

Emotion coaching teaches children how to understand and deal with emotions, while emotion dismissing teaches them to ignore their feelings.

What is anxiety, and how does it differ from fear?

Anxiety is a vague fear of events that may or may not occur, while fear generally diminishes with age through repeated exposure.

What is depression classified as?

Depression is a persistent mood disorder affecting thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

ODD is a persistent pattern of behavior marked by defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures.

What is secure attachment?

Secure attachment is a strong, positive emotional bond with a caregiver who provides comfort and security.

What does Bowlby’s Attachment Theory state?

Bowlby’s Attachment Theory states that infants have an innate need to form attachments, seeking proximity to a primary caregiver for survival.

What was Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure?

The Strange Situation procedure is a standardized observation involving brief separations and reunions between infant and caregiver to test attachment.

What are the three attachment types identified by Ainsworth?

The three attachment types are secure, ambivalent, and avoidant.

What influence do strong attachments in infants have later in life?

Research shows that children with strong attachments to their parents tend to have good long-term outcomes.

How does phylogeny relate to the behavioral view of emotions?

Phylogeny refers to the development of a species or group over time and how social behavior is largely shaped by this development.

What role does environment play in the ontogeny of emotions?

Ontogeny suggests that social behavior is powerfully influenced by individual development within the environment.

What does B.F. Skinner suggest about emotions and verbal responses?

B.F. Skinner suggests that verbal responses regarding private events develop through reinforcement of verbal behavior by the verbal community.