ExSci Mid Tri Exam (Topic 1&2)

Carbohydrates

The most abundant organic molecules in nature, serving as a primary energy source, with a chemical formula represented as (CH2O)n.

Monosaccharides

The simplest form of carbohydrates, including glucose and fructose, which do not require further digestion.

Glycogen

A stored form of glucose primarily in liver and muscle tissues, serving as a rapid energy source during physical activity.

Lipids

Also known as fats, essential for energy storage, structural support, and hormone production.

Triglycerides

A type of fat molecule that is broken down into free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol during digestion.

Essential Amino Acids

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet.

Caloric Value of Fat

37 kJ/g or 12 kcal/g, which is the highest caloric content among macronutrients.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

A method of body composition assessment relying on electrical conductivity to estimate body fat percentage.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A statistical measure of body mass relative to height, given by the formula BMI = BM (kg) / Ht (m²).

Hydrodensitometry

Also known as underwater weighing, it is the gold standard body composition analysis based on Archimedes' principle.

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

A method that uses low-current x-ray beams to analyze whole-body composition, providing insights into fat distribution.

Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)

A measure indicating body fat distribution, calculated by dividing the waist circumference by the hip circumference.

Skinfold Thickness Measurements

An indirect assessment technique using calipers to measure subcutaneous fat at various body landmarks.

Importance of Body Composition in Sports

Vital for optimizing performance, preventing injuries, and managing weight classes.

Health Risks and Body Composition

Body composition assessments inform on risks for chronic diseases, fitness, and promote healthy aging.

Sarcopenia

A condition characterized by muscle loss that can be monitored through body composition assessments.