hush test 5 flashcards

why did the US expand? (5)

• new markets

• raw materials

• naval power

• nationalism

• ideas of racial superiority

why did the US want control over Hawaii?

• needed a refueling station at Pearl Harbor for ships enroute to China

• direct access to sugar

how did the US treat Hawaii?

Hawaii was treated better because of its white settlers, therefore eventually becoming a state

why did the US want control over Puerto Rico?

naval station

how did the US treat the Philippines and Puerto Rico?

the populations were forced to follow US laws but did not have full citizenship rights or representation, therefore no chance of statehood

Spanish American Cuban Philippine War

• Native Cubans were revolting against Spain to fight for independence

• US declared war against Spain in Cuba to end economic uncertainty

  • Yellow Journalism grew through Cuban concentration camps

  • Teller Amendment: US promised not to annex Cuba after the war

why did US want control over Guam?

access to China

what is imperialism?

a stronger nation extends political, economic, or military control over lands

why did America want to imperialize? (2)

• trade: economic necessity for marketing American goods

• US wanted to outweigh all empires

what did Progressive Era reformers want to do?

address corruption, unsafe work, poverty, and the power of big business

at what level were Progressive Era reformers most successful at pushing for social legislation?

state / local level

disenfranchisement of African Americans was furthered through (2)

• Southern states enforced literacy tests and poll taxes

• Plessy vs Ferguson: said segregation didn’t violate 14th amendment’s equal protection clause

plessy vs ferguson

said segregation didn’t violate 14th amendment’s equal protection clause → states must provide equal protection to everyone

14th amendment’s equal protection clause

states must provide equal protection to everyone

what did women become in the Progressive Era?

muckrakers

what is a muckraker?

journalist who exposes corruption of society

great migration

moved many African Americans from the south to northern and midwestern cities for jobs and safety

booker t washington

urged African Americans to earn respect

segregationist: didn’t want to immediately integrate African American culture into society; wanted to live peacefully under Jim Crow

• collective mobilization: not possible to move people unless you educate them

  • didn’t teach individuals about the objectifying systems in efforts to maintain African American community and culture

• supported by southern planters (because also separationists)

collective mobilization

booker t washington

didn’t teach individuals about objectifying systems to maintain African American community and culture

what did WEB du bois want? (3)

• immediate civil rights

• political involvement

• higher education

what organization did WEB du bois found? why was it founded?

NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

founded to fight segregation through activism

talented 10

WEB du bois

idea that the only way for the proper advancement of people of color is to infiltrate the culture into society

• 90% of African Americans population wasn’t ready for infiltration

  • this 90% consisted mostly of agriculturalists who didn’t have access to education

• 10% of African Americans were ready so they paved the way for the other 90% to better rights

significance of HBCUs

expanded education for African Americans and helped develop Black professionals, teachers, and leaders

WEB du bois supported higher education among African Americans

WEB du bois

wanted

• immediate civil rights

• political involvement

• higher education

founded NAACP

Talented 10

why did US industry grow stronger at the end of WWI?

America produced and supplied war materials

tensions in 1920s (4)

• racism

• nativism: favors interests of natives rather than immigrants

• immigration restriction

• conflict between tradition and modern life

nativism

ideology that favors interests of natives rather than immigrants

mass production during the 1920s boom

Henry Ford’s assembly line made cars and appliances accessible to everyday families, not just the wealthy

installment plans (1920s)

buy now and pay later → transformed how Americans could shop because debt would be accumulating without them knowing

sharecropping

system of land where a landowner allows the sharecropper to use their land to grow crops and the landowners would take the larger share of the harvest and leave very little for the sharecropper or sharecropper family

• value of sharecropping decreased during 1920s boom so sharecroppers were given even little

speculation

buying stocks to resell quickly for profit rather than for long-term value

buying on margin

people did this because they thought stock prices would rise forever during the boom

panic selling: buying a stock with only 10%-20% of one’s money and borrowing the rest of the money from others

• if the stock loses its value, you owe the bank the same amount you borrowed, but now you’re in more debt

consumerism

consumer spending dramatically decreased because prices were too high during Great Depression

2 reasons for bank failures

• credit freezes: banks stopped lending money to businesses and individuals

• deflation trap: as prices fell, debt still stayed the same, decreasing profit significantly

deflation trap

as prices fell, debt stayed the same, significantly decreasing profit

credit freezes

banks stopped lending money to businesses and individuals

causes of the Great Depression (5)

• speculation

• buying on margin

• consumerism

• low crop prices with overproduction

• bank failures

effects of the Great Depression (5)

• unemployment

• homelessness

• business failures

• poverty

• stress on families and communities

three R’s of New Deal

Relief, Recovery, Reform

Roosevelt’s Emergency Banking Act

reorganized banks and closed inefficient banks, allowing almost ¾ of banks to reopen

national industry recovery act

guaranteed that workers had the right to collectively bargain for higher wages and better working conditions

second new deal

stricter federal programs were enforced because of the continuation of the Great Depression

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

provided jobs for people who were unemployed

• artistic jobs came about like artists and writers and musicians

Social Security Act of 1935

unemployment insurance system for federal government to help care for children who are dependent on parents or who are disabled

federal government in new deal

federal government took a larger role in helping citizens and regulating the economy

what ended the great depression?

WWII, because when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, the US officially ended the war and American industry was kickstarted

19th amendment

gave women the rights to vote

immigration act of 1924

limited immigration and reflected nativism

glass-steagall act and emergency banking act

stabilized and reformed banking

social security act and wagner act

expanded protections for

• workers

• elderly

• unemployed

teller amendment

US promised not to annex Cuba after the Spanish-American war