Microbiology Variants

Bacterium Diphteri and its structure : ________________________

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a nonmotile, noncapsulated, club-shaped, Gram-positive irregular shaped rods and it’s bacillus.

The volutine granules of Bacterium Diphteri are visualized by:

Niessen

The following structures are localized in the cytoplasm (x2 points) :

a) Spores

b) Nucleoids

c) Flagellum

d) Capsules

b) Nucleoids

d) Capsules

Based on their cellular structure bacteria are divided into:

a) Cocci and rods

b) Gram + and Gram –

c) Spares and spiral

d) Aerobe and anaerobe

b) Gram + and Gram –

Peptides Glycan polymer are found only in:

a) Bacterial cell

b) Animal cell

c) In viruses

a) Bacterial cell

Chemical structure of the capsule is composed of:

a) Complex polysaccharides

b) Vitamins

c) Polypeptides

a) Complex polysaccharides

Flagella is presented in every bacterium:

a) Yes

b) No

b) No

Sporulation appears to be:

a) An initiation of reproduction of bacterial cell

b) A reaction of conditions that are unfavorable for normal growth

c) A status to resist desiccation and other harmful conditions

d) a & b

e) b & c

d) a & b

The complete killing or removal of all microorganisms including bacteria spores is called:

a) Sterilization

b) Disinfection

c) Antisepsis

d) Sepsis

a) Sterilization

Simple method of staining Loffler:

Methylene Blue, Loefflers is recognized as a simple stain used for determining bacterial morphology

How organisms are described?

Genus and species

The unit of measurement of bacterial cell is:

a) Millimeter

b) Micrometer

c) Nanometer

d) Kilo base

b) micrometer

What is the color of the simple method of Pfeiffer staining:

Red used to detect acid fast bascilli

Pfeiffer technical staining makes use of the following:

a) Methylene blue

b) Carbon Fuchsine

c) Neutral red

d) Gentian violet

b) Carbon Fuchsine

The most significant taxonomic classes for bacteria are:

a) Family

b) Species

c) Genus

d) Division

b) Species

The cell wall of gram (+) bacteria is composed mainly:

a) Hitine (typical for plants)

b) Peptidoglycan (90%)

c) Cellulose

d) Sugars

b) Peptidoglycan (90%)

Which of the components are not found in the gram (-) cell wall:

a) Amino acids

b) Lipopolysaccharides

c) Peptidoglycan

d) Teichoic acid

d) Teichoic acid

What does cytoplasm contain:

a) Storage granules

b) Spores

c) Capsules

d) Ribosomes

d) Ribosomes

Which of the following bacteria have peptidoglycan layer:

a) Gram (+) cocci

b) Gram (-) bacteria

c) Both of them

d) None above

c) Both of them

Cellular DNA is concentrated in (what place):

a) Cytoplasm as a nucleoid

b) Mitochondria

c) Plasmids as an extra chromosomal genetic material

d) Ribosomes

a) Cytoplasm as a nucleoid

The spores stain by Moller are:

a) Blue color

b) Red color

c) Black color

d) Yellow color

b) Red color

Which structure is not protecting bacteria from phagocytosis from leukocytes:

a) Spores

b) Capsule

c) Flagella

d) Ribosome

a) Spores

How many spores does one bacteria make:

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) more than 3

a) 1

The concentration of ethyl alcohol as an antiseptic for disinfection is:

a) 95%

b) 70%

c) 50%

d) 30%

b) 70%

Which of the following structures are obligatory for bacteria: (2pts)

a) Nucleoid

b) Spores

c) Ribosomes

d) Capsule

a) Nucleoid

c) Ribosomes

Bacterial nucleoid consists of:

a) No chromosomes

b) Only one chromosome

c) Several chromosomes

b) Only one chromosome

What is the name of staining procedure for bacterial capsule:

a) Gram stain

b) Loffler stain

c) Klett stain

d) Moller stain

c) Klett stain

Lipopolysaccharide can be found in large amount:

a) Gram (+)

b) Gram (-)

c) Both of them

d) None of above

b) Gram (-)

Complex method for bacterial staining are:

a) Loffler

b) Pfeiffer

c) Gram

d) Ziehl-Neelsen

c) Gram

d) Ziehl-Neelsen

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is frequently covered by:

a) Tempered bacteriophage

b) R-plasmids

c) Lipid bacteriophage

d) Intron

b) R-plasmids

Consistence of bacterial culture:

Consistence of bacterial culture: contains nutrients and physical growth parameters necessary for microbial growth.

Which one is a liquid medium for bacterial culture:

a) Blood ager

b) Glucose broth

c) Both of them

d) None above

b) Glucose broth

Anaerobes are bacteria that can tolerate high oxygen concentration

a) Yes

b) No

b) No

How long does it take for bacterial colonies to become visible in culture media:

a) 20-30 minutes

b) 1-2 days

c) 2 months

d) None is true

b) 1-2 days

What bacterial physiologist studies:

a) Morphology of bacteria

b) Bacterial structure

c) Bacterial growth

d) Bacterial nutrient

c) Bacterial growth

Which is the most resistant form of bacteria :

a) Cell wall

b) Spores

c) Nucleoid

d) Flagella

b) Spores

70% ethanol is:

a) Sterilizing agent

b) Antiseptic

c) Antibiotic

d) None is true

b) Antiseptic

Which of the following structures most frequently contains genes for antibiotic resistance:

a) Capsule

b) Ordinary Pilli

c) R-plasmid

d) Plasma membrane

c) R-plasmid

Which of the following is most important structure related to microbial attachment to cells:

a) Flagellum

b) Plasmid

c) Peptidoglycan

d) Ordinary Pilli

d) Ordinary Pilli

Which statement about genetic transfer among bacteria requires cell to cell contact:

a) Process of transformation

b) Process of conjugation

c) Process of transduction

d) Process of transcription

e) Process of auto combination

b) Process of conjugation

Which of the following related to endotoxin is not true:

a) Endotoxins are secreted from living cells

b) Endotoxins are part of cellular gram (-) bacteria

c) They are secreted only when the cell is disrupted

d) They can be linked to meningococcemia

e) They are produced by gram(-) microorganisms

f) They cause fever

a) Endotoxins are secreted from living cells

What causes staining to be pink:

a) Carbon Fuchsine

b) Iodine solution

c) Crystal violet (or something like that)

d) Neisser A

a) Carbon Fuchsine

Gram (-) bacteria differ from Gram (+) ones because they posses:

a) Lipopolysaccharide

b) Peptidoglycan

c) Only cytoplasmic membrane

d) Lipoteichoic acid

a) Lipopolysaccharide

The auto-sterilization requires the following:

a) 1:30 hours at 160 C

b) 134 C for 10-15 minutes

a) 1:30 hours at 160 C

The chlorine is:

a) Antiseptic

b) Disinfectant

c) Chemical agent for sterilization

d) All of above

d) All of above

Concerning bacterial cell division everything is true except that:

a) All bacteria double their numbers every 10 hours

b) Bacterial generation times are influenced by environmental conditions

c) Two bacterial cells following division are genetically identical and they are once

d) The last one also correct

a) All bacteria double their numbers every 10 hours

How does high temperature cause cell death?

a) Oxidative damage

b) High level of electrolytes

c) Protein denature

d) All of above

c) Protein denature

How are the actions of phenols and alcohols similar:

a) Both denature proteins

b) Both oxidize DNA

c) Both inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

d) All of above

a) Both denature proteins

What is pasteurization:

a) A method that disinfects the instruments

b) Sterilizes food

c) A method that can be used on skin and mucus

d) All of above

a) A method that disinfects the instruments

Bacterial flagella are:

a) Composed of pillin

b) A floppy structure made of flagellin

c) rigid structure made of flagellin

b) A floppy structure made of flagellin

Name the complex nutrient media:

a) Glucose broth

b) meat peptone broth

c) meat peptone ager

d) Blood ager

b) meat peptone broth

d) Blood ager

Most bacterial colonies are visualized after:
a) 20 minutes

b) 2 hours

c) 1-2 days

d) 1 week

c) 1-2 days

According cellulose structure bacteria divides into:
a) Aerobes and anaerobes

b) Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

c) Gram (+) and gram (-)

c) Gram (+) and gram (-)

Extra chromosomal genetic elements in bacteria are:

a) Mesosomes

b) Phagosomes

c) Transposomes

d) Bacteriophages

d) Bacteriophages

Name two curved bacteria:

V. cholerae

H. pylori

Which suggestions about endotoxins are true: (3pts)

a) They are typical for gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria

b) Their chemical structure is lipopolysaccharide or protein

c) They act specific or non-specific

d) They are heat stable or heat labor

b) Their chemical structure is lipopolysaccharide or protein

c) They act specific or non-specific

d) They are heat stable or heat labor

How many phases has growth curve of bacteria:

4 phases

lag, log, stationary, death

Sex pilli in bacteria helps for their:

a) Movement

b) Conjugation

c) Nutrition

d) Protection

b) Conjugation

Curve-shaped bacteria are:

a) staphylococci

b) campylobacteria

c) tuberculosis bacterium

d) vibrions

d) vibrions

Diplococci are bacteria with ………. shape, which arrange in ………..

round

pairs

The main staining technique for studing the morphology of the bacteria is:

a) Loeffler

b) Neisser 

c) Gram

d) Moeller

e) Ziehl-Neelsen 

f) Pfeiffer

a) Loeffler

Staphylococci are round-shaped bacteria, arranged under microscopy in ……..

clusters

Volutine granules are found in the cytoplasm of:

a) meningococci

b) diphtheria bacteria

c) gonococci

d) pneumococci

b) diphtheria bacteria

Lipopolysaccharide is found in the cell wall of:

a) Gram positive bacteria

b) Gram negative bacteria

c) both

b) Gram negative bacteria

Fill in at least two rod-shaped bacteria a) ……….. b) ………..

a) E. coli

b) M. tuberculosis

How many spores does one bacterium generate:

a) one

b) two

c) three

d) more than three

a) one

Following Loeffler technique of staining the bacteria appear in …….. colour.

Blue

The causative agent of tuberculosis could be visualised by using one of the following staining techniques: (1p)

a) Gram

b) Pfeiffer

c) Ziehl-Neelsen

d) Klett

c) Ziehl-Neelsen

Dark-field microscopy is useful method of laboratory diagnostics of: 

a) meningococci

b) treponema 

c) leptospira

d) staphylococci

b) treponema

The denomination Bacillus anthracis indicates definite bacterial:

a) species

b) genus

c) class

a) species

Is it true the statement that: The bacterial spores are formed during unfavourable conditions and are an instrument of reproduction.

a) Yes

b) No

b) No

Does form spores during unfavourable conditions but not used for reproduction

The staining method using methylene blue is:

a) simple

b) differential

a) simple

Which of the following organelles are essential (obligatory) for the bacteria: (2p)

a) cytoplasmic membrane

b) flagella

c) pili

d) nucleoid

e) capsule

a) cytoplasmic membrane

d) nucleoid

Which of the following component is NOT found in the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria:

a) lipid A

b) teichoic acids

c) O-antigen

d) peptidoglycan

b) teichoic acids

Fill in the two main types of bacterial pili and their function:

a) common, adhesion to cells

b) sex, participation in conjugation

The dye used for Loeffler staining is: 

a) methylene blue 

b) Ziehl's carbol-füchsine 

c) gentian-violet

d) lugol solution

a) methylene blue

Which of the following methods is differential:

a) Pfeiffer staining

b) Neisser staining 

c) Loeffler staining

b) Neisser staining

The three main morphological bacterial groups are:

a) cocci

b) bacilli

c) curved

Which bacterial form is firmer at unfavourable conditions of the enviroment:

a) vegetative cell

b) spore

b) spore

Which of the following structure inhibits the phagocytosis of the bacteria:

a) cytoplasm

b) peptidoglycan

c) capsule

d) nucleoid

c) capsule

Dark-field microscopy is useful method of laboratory diagnostics of:

a) tuberculosis 

b) syphilis 

c) encapsulated bacteria

d) leptospirosis

b) syphilis

Following Gram staining technique, Gram positive bacteria appear in …… colour, whereas Gram negative in ……colour.

a) violet

b) red

Diphtheria bacteria are stained using the method of:

a) Pfeiffer

b) Klett

c) Neisser

d) Moeller

c) Neisser

Ziehl-Neelseen is a method of staining for:

a) encapsulated bacteria

b) acid-fast bacteria

c) bacteria with volutine granules

b) acid-fast bacteria

the bacterial cytoplasm contains:

a) capsule

b) ribosomes

c) nucleic material

d) peptidoglycan

e) pili

f) granules

b) ribosomes

c) nucleic material

f) granules

The main taxonomic category of the bacteria is:

a) genus

b) species

c) familiy

d) kingdom

b) species

Following Gram staining method, Garm negative bacteria appear in ……. colour

red

unit of measurement for the bacterial size is:

a) millimeter

b) micrometer

c) nanometer

d) angstrom

b) micrometer

Vibrions are curved bacteria which possess:

a) 4-6 curves

b) 1 curves

c) 15-20 curves

b) 1 curves

Round-shaped bacteria, arranged in chains are ……..

streptococcus

Each bacterium has two denominations (names), determining its: 1p.

a) family and genus

b) family and kingdom 

c) genus and species

d) family and species

c) genus and species

The bacterial cell is:

a) prokaryotic

b) eukaryotic

a) prokaryotic

Fill in at least one curve- shaped bacterium: ………..

v. cholerae