Cell Organelles Overview

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to cell organelles.

Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Mitochondrion

An organelle that produces ATP through cellular respiration.

Chloroplast

The site of photosynthesis in plant cells, containing chlorophyll.

Ribosome

Cellular structure where protein synthesis (translation) takes place.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle involved in protein and lipid synthesis, consisting of Rough ER and Smooth ER.

Golgi Apparatus

The organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion.

Lysosome

An organelle that contains enzymes for digesting waste materials and cellular debris.

Plasma Membrane

The protective barrier that surrounds the cell and controls what enters and exits.

Cytoskeleton

The structural framework of the cell composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

Chromatin

A complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus; it condenses into chromosomes during cell division.

Nucleolus

The structure within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized.

Vesicle

A small membrane-bound sac that transports materials within the cell.

Peroxisome

An organelle involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification.

Plasmodesmata

Microscopic channels that traverse the cell walls of plants and allow for transport and communication between cells.

Microtubules

Hollow tubes made of tubulin, involved in maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement.

Microfilaments

Thin strands made of actin, important for cell shape and motility.

Intermediate Filaments

Fibrous proteins that provide structural support and maintain the shape of the cell.

Central Vacuole

A large organelle in plant cells that stores nutrients and waste products.

Tonoplast

The membrane surrounding the central vacuole in plant cells, regulating the flow of ions and molecules.

Exocytosis

The process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release contents outside the cell.

Endocytosis

The process of engulfing materials into the cell through vesicles.

Fission and Fusion (Mitochondria)

Processes by which mitochondria can split apart (fission) or merge with others (fusion) to adapt to cellular needs.

Gene Regulation

The process of turning genes on or off, often occurring in the nucleus.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plants, fungi, and some bacteria, providing structural support.