PSYCH 105 CHAPTER 12 PT 5

Personality Assessment

Personality Assessment

The evaluation of an individual's personality traits, behaviors, and characteristics through various methods.

Reliability

The consistency of a measure; a reliable test yields similar results on repeated administrations.

Test-retest reliability

The measure of consistency of a test over time, indicating stable scores for the same individual.

Interjudge reliability

The level of agreement among different observers measuring the same phenomenon.

Validity

The accuracy of a measure; it assesses whether the test measures what it claims to measure.

Behavioral Assessment

An evaluation method that observes and quantifies specific behaviors in defined situations.

Remote Behaviour Sampling

A method for collecting data on behavior at random intervals over an extended period.

Personality Scales

Objective measures of personality using standardized questions and scoring keys.

Projective Tests

Assessment tools that present ambiguous stimuli for individuals to interpret, revealing internal feelings or needs.

Rorschach Inkblots

A projective test consisting of inkblot images used to analyze personality through interpretation.

Thematic Apperception Test

A projective test where individuals create narratives based on ambiguous images to reveal their personalities.

Rational Approach in Personality Scale Development

A method of creating personality assessments based on the understanding of the trait being measured.

Empirical Approach

The development of personality measures based on patterns found in responses to specific questions.

NEO-PI

A personality inventory developed by Costa and McCrae based on a rational approach.

MMPI-2

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, an empirically derived personality assessment.

Psychodynamic tools

Assessment techniques focused on understanding the unconscious mind, often using projective tests.

Humanistic assessment tools

Self-report measures aimed at examining self-concept and personal growth.

Social cognitive assessment tools

Behavioral assessments focusing on the interaction between behavior and environmental factors.

Biological assessment measures

Methods involving physiological measurements to understand personality from a biological perspective.

Trait theorists tools

Inventories such as MMPI and NEO-PI used to quantify personality traits.

Interviews in Personality Assessment

Structured conversations with standardized questions to gather personal insights about an individual.

Drawbacks of Interviews

Interviewer characteristics and interviewee honesty can significantly affect the results.

Behavioural observation

The act of systematically observing and recording behavior in various contexts.

Advantages of Personality Scales

Ability to collect extensive data to analyze and detect patterns in responses.

Validity concerns in Personality Scales

The potential issue of respondents not providing truthful answers affecting the accuracy of results.

Specific behaviors in Behavioral Assessments

Quantifying the frequency and context of specific behaviors rather than general descriptions.

Standardized questions in Personality Scales

Pre-determined questions used consistently to ensure uniform data collection.

Projection in Projective Tests

The interpretation of ambiguous stimuli that reveals the individual's inner needs and feelings.

Characteristic measurement tools

Assessment instruments tailored to specific personality characteristics or traits.

Scoring keys in Objective measures

Pre-established guidelines for evaluating responses in personality assessments.

Behavior coding in assessments

A systematic method for interpreting and categorizing behaviors observed.

Honesty in assessments

The requirement for respondents to answer truthfully for the results to be valid.

Appearance in interviews

The physical presentation of an interviewee, which can influence the interviewer’s perception.

Speech patterns in interviews

The manner of speaking observed during interviews that may provide insights into the interviewee's personality.

Environmental factors in Social cognitive theory

External influences that interact with personal traits to shape behavior.

Self-report measures

Tools that rely on the individual’s own account of their traits and experiences.

Behavioral assessments in Trait Theory

Evaluations based on the observation and analysis of behaviors consistent with personality traits.