World History Final

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Why was Spain able to expand and explore more successfully than other countries?

What impact did Leonardo Da Vinci have on the Renaissance and the World?

Leonardo da Vinci changed the Renaissance by using science and art to create lifelike paintings and smart inventions. His ideas still inspire artists and scientists today.

What are the main ideas of Machiavelli’s “The Prince” ?

Powerful leaders must do whatever it takes to keep control, even if it means being dishonest or cruel. Machiavelli says it’s better for a ruler to be feared than loved if they can’t be both.

Explain the main points of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses- Why was he unhappy with the Catholic Church?

Martin Luther was upset that the Catholic Church was selling “indulgences”, which supposedly let people pay to forgive sins. He believed that forgiveness should come from faith, and not money.

What set the English Reformation apart from other reformations?

The English reformation was different because it started when King Henry VII broke from the Catholic church in order to get a divorce. Other reformations were about changing beliefs; but this was about person and political matters.

What were the main points of the Declaration of man?

The declaration of the rights of man said all men are born free and equal, and they have rights like liberty, property, and safety. It also said laws should treat everyone fairly and people should have freedom of speech and religion.

What were the issues with the breakdown of French society prior to the revolution?

French society was unfair; rich nobles and clergy had power and paid little taxes, while poor peasants did most of the work and paid the most. People were angry about this inequality and wanted change.

What was the Intellectual shift during the Age of Enlightenment?

people started to believe that reason and science would help them understand the world; not traditions or religions. They started believing in individual rights.

What is the scientific method?

The scientific method is a step-by-step way to learn about the world using observation and experiments. It usually includes asking a question, making a guess (hypothesis), testing it, and seeing if the results support the guess.

How did Napoleon Bonaparte change the government in France?

Napoleon Bonaparte made the French Government stronger by taking more control and creating a powerful central system. He also made new laws called the Napoleonic code, which gave people clearer rights and helped organize the country better.

What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna following Napoleon’s defeat?

The Congress of Vienna aimed to bring peace to Europe by restoring old borders and balancing power among countries after Napoleon’s wars. Leaders also wanted to stop future revolutions by putting kings back in charge and keeping things stable.

How did Industrialization set the stage for new social classes and political ideologies, such as socialism?

Industrialization created big factories and cities, which led to a new rich class of factory owners and a poor working class with tough jobs and low pay. This unfairness made people support ideas like socialism, which called for more equality and better treatment of workers.

What were some of the problems of the industrial revolution?

The industrial revolution caused big changes, but it also brought serious problems. Many workers, including kids, had long hours, low pay, and unsafe factory conditions. Cities became crowded and dirty, and pollution from factories hurt the environment.

Why did European countries begin to acquire colonies during the late 1800’s?

European countries wanted colonies in the late 1800’s to get raw materials, sell goods, and gain power around the world. They also believed having colonies made them look stronger and more important than other nations.

Which war did we see Imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and alliances cause?

World War 1.

At the end of WW1, a peace keeping group called the _______ was established.

League of Nations.

At the Postdam conference, Germany was divided as well as its capital city, Berlin; who controlled West Berlin, and who controlled East?

West Berlin was controlled by the U.S., UK, and France. East Berlin was controlled by the Soviet Union.

Why did Japan invade Manchurina?

Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 to gain more land, natural resources, and power during a time of economic struggle. They used a fake attack on their railway to justify the invasion.

How did the advent of new ways of thinking along with the inventions and discoveries of that period, lead people to question authority of the Catholic Church?

New ways of thinking during the Scientific Revolution encouraged people to rely on observation, reason, and evidence instead of just accepting what the Church taught. Discoveries like the heliocentric model of the solar system challenged Church beliefs, making people realize that religious leaders could be wrong about the natural world

During the late 1800’s in England, people moved from ____ to _____, as we saw industrialization take place.

countryside, cities.

Why was Louis XVI executed?

Louis XVI was executed because he was found guilty of treason during the French Revolution. People believed he betrayed France by trying to escape and secretly working with foreign powers to stop the revolution

What were the main ideas of Frederick the Great?

Frederick the Great believed a ruler should be the “first servant of the state” and lead with reason and fairness. He supported religious tolerance, modernized Prussia’s government and army, and used Enlightenment ideas to strengthen his power and improve society