5.1 Lecture Review

Unit 3

Metabolism

The collection of controlled biochemical reaction that take place within a cell

Catabolism

Breaking down food for energy

Anabolism

Using energy to build cell parts

Catabolism + Anabolism=

Metabolism

Exergonic

Catabolism releases energy

Endergonic

Anabolism uses energy

Pathways

The steps of catabolism or anabolism occuring as a series of reactions

Metabolic Pathways

The product of one reaction Is the substrate for the next reaction

Enzyme

Protein that speeds up a reaction

Enzymes speed up reactions by

lowering the activation energy of a reaction

Activation energy

Amount of energy required to trigger the reaction

Isomerases

rearrange atoms within compounds

Transferases

transfer functional groups b/w compounds

Dehydrogenases

removal/transfer of electrons from one chemical to another

Polymerases

join molecules together DNA polymerase

Lyases

split molecule apart

What can a enzyme structure be?

just protein, or protein plus other stuff

Holoenzyme

active enzyme (what binds to substrate)

Active (catalytic) site

location on the enzyme that will bind to the substrate

An active catalytic site

is specific to a substrate

factors of enzyme activity

temp,pH,enzyme and substrate concentrate, presence of inhibitors

What happens if the temp is to high or low for an enzyme

changes the H bonding within 2 or 3 structure, which changes folding

optimum temp for human pathogen?

37C

optimum pH for human pathogen?

7

If an enzyme concentration increases

the rate of a reaction increases

Enzyme concentration is controlled by…

Gene expression, physical

Saturation point

the concentration of substrate in which all enzymes active si

Types of inhibitors

Competitive, non competitive, feedback

Competitive inhibitors

bind to the active site on the enzyme

Noncompetitive inhibitors

bind to the allosteric site of the enzyme

Feedback inhibitors

a metabolic product inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway, it feeds-back to the start

Oxidation- Reduction reactions(Redox)

a set of chemical reactions in which electrons are tranferred

moving electrons by Redox reaction is used

ATP synthesis

What pair of reactions occurs in a Redox reaction

Reduction, oxidation

Reduction reaction

electron acceptors become reduced

Oxidized reaction

electron donor becomes oxidized