nutrition and metabolism final

metabolic acidosis

• cause- excess acid or loss of bicarbonate

• ex- diabetic ketoacidosis, severe diarrhea, renal failure

• compensation- increased respiratory rate to blow off CO2

respiratory acidosis

• cause- hypoventilation, CO2 buildup

• ex- airway obstruction, drug overdose

• compensation- kidneys retain bicarbonate

metabolic alkalosis

• cause- excess bicarbonate or loss of acid

• ex- vomiting

• compensation- slower breathing to retain CO2

respiratory alkalosis

• cause- hyperventilation, CO2 loss

• ex- anxiety, high altitude

• compensation- kidneys excrete more bicarbonate

metabolism

all chemical reactions in the body that maintain life

catabolism

breaking down molecules to release energy

• breaking glucose into ATP

anabolism

building larger molecules from smaller ones

• building proteins from amino acids

oxidation

loss of electrons (often associated with loss of hydrogen or gain of oxygen)

reduction

gain of electrons (often associated with gain of hydrogen or loss of oxygen)

glucose

simple sugar used as primary fuel for cells

glycogen

stored form of glucose, mainly found in liver and muscles

glycogenesis

• formation of glycogen from glucose

• occurs when blood glucose is high

glycogenolysis

• breakdown of glycogen to release glucose

• occurs when blood glucose is low

gluconeogenesis

• creation of glucose from non carbohydrate sources (amino acids, lactate)

• occurs during fasting or starvation