Lesson 1. Introduction to Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Complementary Medicine

used together with conventional medicine

diet and food supplements

examples of complementary medicine

Alternative Medicine

used in place of conventional medicine

water therapy, yoga, and acupuncture

example of alternative medicine

Allopathic Medicine

Western medicine, biomedicine, scientific medicine or modern medicine

medical doctors, health practitioners, and diagnostic tests

Allopathic Medicine makes use of:

Complementary and Alternative Medicine

set of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of the country’s own tradition and are not integrated into the dominant healthcare system (WHO & NCCAM)

supplementary

Complementary and Alternative Medicine is ________________________ to allopathic medicine.

foreign method of treatment

Complementary and Alternative Medicine are any _____________________ other than the known traditional methods (ex: allopathic medicine) of a certain country.

healthcare system (ex: PhilHealth)

Complementary and Alternative Medicine such as yoga, acupuncture, chiropractic care, etc. are not part of the _______________________.

Integrative Medicine

combines conventional and CAM treatments for which there is evidence of safety and effectiveness

A medical doctor encourages the patient to practice yoga, prescribes food supplements, and encourages a balanced diet, water therapy, and exercise in addition to the prescribed medication.

Example of Integrative Medicine

Herbal medicine

include herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and finished herbal products, that contain as active ingredients parts of plants, or other plant materials, or combinations

herbs

Herbal Medicines includes:

a. plant itself

b. parts of the plant

c. crude drug

d. in dosage forms (capsules, tablets, teas, and powdered form)

a = ?

herbal materials

Herbal Medicines includes:

a. plant itself

b. parts of the plant

c. crude drug

d. in dosage forms (capsules, tablets, teas, and powdered form)

b = ?

herbal preparations

Herbal Medicines includes:

a. plant itself

b. parts of the plant

c. crude drug

d. in dosage forms (capsules, tablets, teas, and powdered form)

c = ?

finished herbal products

Herbal Medicines includes:

a. plant itself

b. parts of the plant

c. crude drug

d. in dosage forms (capsules, tablets, teas, and powdered form)

d = ?

root

In herbal preparations, the a.________ is not recommended for use as the herb will die; thus b.________ are usually used.

a = ?

leaves

In herbal preparations, the a.________ is not recommended for use as the herb will die; thus b.________ are usually used.

b = ?

excipients and inert

Herbal Preparations and Products may contain ___________________ ingredients in addition to active ingredients.

Traditional Medicine

Knowledge , skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement, or treatment of physical and mental illness

Philippine Folk Medicine

phenomena in which physical illness appear to be cured by means other than those of drugs, surgery, regimes, manipulations, recognized psychological methods or common sense

healer’s powers

In Philippine Folk Medicine, a prerequisite of healing is:

a. belief in the _______________

b. belief that the ___________________

c. belief that ________________ from the particular ailment

a = ?

sufferer will recover

In Philippine Folk Medicine, a prerequisite of healing is:

a. belief in the _______________

b. belief that the ___________________

c. belief that _______________________ from the particular ailment

b = ?

God wills recovery

In Philippine Folk Medicine, a prerequisite of healing is:

a. belief in the _______________

b. belief that the ___________________

c. belief that _____________________ from the particular ailment

c = ?

world

PHILIPPINE FOLK MEDICINE

a. has 2 basic needs

1. The _______ must make sense

2. The person must feel himself to be more than a _______________________

b. Faith healers (e.g witch doctors) recognize these dual needs and _____________________

a.1. = ?

slave of implacable fates, gods or mechanism

PHILIPPINE FOLK MEDICINE

a. has 2 basic needs

1. The _______ must make sense

2. The person must feel himself to be more than a _______________________

b. Faith healers (e.g witch doctors) recognize these dual needs and _____________________

a.2. = ?

attempted to satisfy them

PHILIPPINE FOLK MEDICINE

a. has 2 basic needs

1. The _______ must make sense

2. The person must feel himself to be more than a _______________________

b. Faith healers (e.g witch doctors) recognize these dual needs and _____________________

b. = ?

spiritual

PHILIPPINE FOLK MEDICINE

• When a person gets sick, it is believed that it is because of God’s punishment or an evil spirit so the way of treatment is considered to be __________________.

Faith Healers

• Most of these healers consider their healing craft as God-given, a calling from a supernatural being, and consequently, their healing practices are profusely infused with prayers and religious rituals.

• Usually rural-based, they are also present in the urban and suburban communities.

Spiritists

Faith Healers may be:

a. healers

b. interpret signs and use tools

a = ?

Diviners (ex: prophet and fortune tellers)

Faith Healers may be:

a. healers

b. interpret signs and use tools

b = ?

Albularyo

Faith Healers:

• methods of treatment used: prayers, spitting, rubbing, plastering and murmuring

prayers

Faith Healers:

• Albularyos uses ___________________ to invoke some saint or God

chewed and spat

Faith Healers:

• Albularyos _______________ the t obacco mixed with guava leaves on the newly cut foreskin (circumcision)

Rubbing

Faith Healers:

• Albularyos use a little massage with the use of an ointment or a liniment such as Kerosene to ease painful or aching joints

Plastering

Faith Healers:

• Albularyos pound herbs in a mortar and pestle and applied with a piece of cloth.

Murmuring

Faith Healers:

• Albularyos use special secret phrases with specific wonders on certain ailments. It is not directed to God or a saint. The words themselves are responsible for the results. They can also be used to ward off evil.

Babylan

Faith Healers:

• female religious leaders/priests

Manghihilot

Faith Healers:

• Manipulation and massage for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoligamentous and musculoskeletal ailments

• their practice is limited only to bodily complaints amenable to chiropractic manipulations and massage.

Mananambal

Faith Healers:

• use of sorcery and anting-anting

Mangluluop

Faith Healers:

• determines the cause of an illness through the ritual of luop (diagnosis and not healing)

• used for gastrointestinal complaints caused the inhalation of unpleasant odors

palm leaves

Faith Healers:

Mangluluop

a. Luop are made from _________________ after being blessed by the church.

b. Then, it is placed in a freshwater shell called ________________.

c. Their diagnosis is based on the ____________________________.

d. Then, they refer their patients to __________________________.

e. The shell and luop are crushed after, burned, and placed in a _______________________.

f. Rituals are demonstrated, and then the sign of the cross is performed _________________ over the patient’s body.

a = ?

kalanghuga

Faith Healers:

Mangluluop

a. Luop are made from _________________ after being blessed by the church.

b. Then, it is placed in a freshwater shell called ________________.

c. Their diagnosis is based on the ____________________________.

d. Then, they refer their patients to __________________________.

e. The shell and luop are crushed after, burned, and placed in a _______________________.

f. Rituals are demonstrated, and then the sign of the cross is performed _________________ over the patient’s body.

b = ?

appearance of the burned shell

Faith Healers:

Mangluluop

a. Luop are made from _________________ after being blessed by the church.

b. Then, it is placed in a freshwater shell called ________________.

c. Their diagnosis is based on the ____________________________.

d. Then, they refer their patients to __________________________.

e. The shell and luop are crushed after, burned, and placed in a _______________________.

f. Rituals are demonstrated, and then the sign of the cross is performed _________________ over the patient’s body.

c = ?

albularyos and manghihilot

Faith Healers:

Mangluluop

a. Luop are made from _________________ after being blessed by the church.

b. Then, it is placed in a freshwater shell called ________________.

c. Their diagnosis is based on the ____________________________.

d. Then, they refer their patients to __________________________.

e. The shell and luop are crushed after, burned, and placed in a _______________________.

f. Rituals are demonstrated, and then the sign of the cross is performed _________________ over the patient’s body.

d = ?

can to be prayed over

Faith Healers:

Mangluluop

a. Luop are made from _________________ after being blessed by the church.

b. Then, it is placed in a freshwater shell called ________________.

c. Their diagnosis is based on the ____________________________.

d. Then, they refer their patients to __________________________.

e. The shell and luop are crushed after, burned, and placed in a _______________________.

f. Rituals are demonstrated, and then the sign of the cross is performed _________________ over the patient’s body.

e = ?

three times

Faith Healers:

Mangluluop

a. Luop are made from _________________ after being blessed by the church.

b. Then, it is placed in a freshwater shell called ________________.

c. Their diagnosis is based on the ____________________________.

d. Then, they refer their patients to __________________________.

e. The shell and luop are crushed after, burned, and placed in a _______________________.

f. Rituals are demonstrated, and then the sign of the cross is performed _________________ over the patient’s body.

f = ?

Manghihila

Faith Healer:

• Stretching of the body parts

Magpapaanak

Faith Healer:

• did not undergo formal midwifery program but they have a known traditional training passed from one generation to another

Mangtatawas

Faith Healers:

• performed by most alternative healers that serves in providing clues as to the nature and cause of the illness

alum

Faith Healers:

• Mangtatawas was derived from its chemical nature: a._____ which is an astringent, b.______________, and c.___________ which was used exclusively in the diagnostic ritual.

a = ?

crystalline double sulfate of aluminum

Faith Healers:

• Mangtatawas was derived from its chemical nature: a._____ which is an astringent, b.______________, and c.___________ which was used exclusively in the diagnostic ritual.

b = ?

potassium

Faith Healers:

• Mangtatawas was derived from its chemical nature: a._____ which is an astringent, b.______________, and c.___________ which was used exclusively in the diagnostic ritual.

c = ?

tawas, candles, mirror, eggs, and paper used to roll cigarettes

Faith Healer:

• Mangtatawas uses _________________________________________ to see an image that may suggest the cause of the illness.

Native Shaman/Indigenous Priest

Faith Healers:

• Babaylan

• Mambunong

• Mumbaki

• Mananambal

• Manghihila

holistic care

The basic philosophy of complementary and alternative medicine include _____________, which focuses on treating a human being as a whole person

Alternative

CAM practices may be grouped within 5 Major Domains:

1. _______________ medical systems

2. ____________ interventions

3. ______________ treatments

4. ________________________ methods

5. _________ therapies

1 = ?

Mind-body

CAM practices may be grouped within 5 Major Domains:

1. _______________ medical systems

2. ____________ interventions

3. ______________ treatments

4. ________________________ methods

5. _________ therapies

2 = ?

Biologically-based

CAM practices may be grouped within 5 Major Domains:

1. _______________ medical systems

2. ____________ interventions

3. ______________ treatments

4. ________________________ methods

5. _________ therapies

3 = ?

Manipulative and body-based

CAM practices may be grouped within 5 Major Domains:

1. _______________ medical systems

2. ____________ interventions

3. ______________ treatments

4. ________________________ methods

5. _________ therapies

4 = ?

Energy

CAM practices may be grouped within 5 Major Domains:

1. _______________ medical systems

2. ____________ interventions

3. ______________ treatments

4. ________________________ methods

5. _________ therapies

5 = ?

Homeopathy, Naturopathy, and Ayuverda

CAM practices may be grouped within 5 Major Domains:

• example of alternative medical systems

Yoga, Spirituality, and Relaxation

CAM practices may be grouped within 5 Major Domains:

• examples of Mind-body interventions

Diets, Herbs, Vitamins

CAM practices may be grouped within 5 Major Domains:

• examples of Biologically-based treatments

Massage, Chiropractic, and Osteopathy

CAM practices may be grouped within 5 Major Domains:

• examples of Manipulative and body-based therapies

Reiki, Magnets, Qigong

CAM practices may be grouped within 5 Major Domains:

• examples of Energy Therapies

Shamanism

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices:

• Primitive tribes considered illness the work of evil spirits

altered states of consciousness

Three key features of shamanism:

1. Shamans can voluntarily enter __________________.

2. In these states, they may experience themselves ________________.

3. They use these journeys to acquire ___________________ and to help people in their community.

1 = ?

journeying to other realms

Three key features of shamanism:

1. Shamans can voluntarily enter __________________.

2. In these states, they may experience themselves ________________.

3. They use these journeys to acquire ___________________ and to help people in their community.

2 = ?

knowledge or power

Three key features of shamanism:

1. Shamans can voluntarily enter __________________.

2. In these states, they may experience themselves ________________.

3. They use these journeys to acquire ___________________ and to help people in their community.

3 = ?

vegetation and minerals

In Shamanism, they believe that:

a. Drug is in the form of _____________

b. Disease is believed to be caused by ______________

a = ?

evils and demons

In Shamanism, they believe that:

a. Drug is in the form of _____________

b. Disease is believed to be caused by ______________

b = ?

spiritual incantations, application of herbs to get rid of supernatural intruders

Ex of practices done in Shamanism

singing, dancing, storytelling, sweat lodges (saunas for purification/detoxification), and drumming while moving around a circle

Shamans uses ________________________________________________ to aid the healing of community members and communicate with spirits.

Greek Asclepions

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices:

• sanctuaries of healing

Kos/Cos

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices:

• Greek Asclepions are located in Ancient Greece specifically in ________.

Asclepius

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices:

• Greek Asclepions are named after ____________, the Divine Physician, who was worshipped as the god of medicine

son of Apollo and Nymph Coronis

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices:

• Asclepius is the ___________________ and is symbolized with a long wooden staff with a long snake entwined around it.

healing environment

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices:

• Greek Asclepions’ physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of individuals

Katharsis (catharsis)

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices:

• Characteristics of Greek Asclepsions known as purification

music, dream interpretations, drama, massage, humor, baths, herbs, and rest

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices:

• Greek Asclepions’ healers utilized ________________ as treatment

Hygieia

GREEK AND ROMAN INFLUENCES ON HEALING:

• goddess of health

• daughter of Asclepius

• symbol of Faculty of Pharmacy

Hippocrates

GREEK AND ROMAN INFLUENCES ON HEALING:

• founded the Hippocratic School of Medicine, and even today, Hippocratic oath. (Scientific approach)

Galen

GREEK AND ROMAN INFLUENCES ON HEALING

• great anatomical knowledge, Cold Cream

Soranus

GREEK AND ROMAN INFLUENCES ON HEALING:

• study of gynecology

Dioscorides

GREEK AND ROMAN INFLUENCES ON HEALING:

• books on herbal medicines

• De Materia Medica

Romans

GREEK AND ROMAN INFLUENCES ON HEALING:

• knew that poor hygiene was linked to disease and death

  maintained

• Public bath houses and other hygienic facilities were built and

scalpels, hooks

SURGICAL TOOLS USED BY ROMANS:

• probes for dissection and raising blood vessels

bone drills, forceps, catheters, and vaginal specula

SURGICAL TOOLS USED BY ROMANS:

• other surgical tools

surgical saws

SURGICAL TOOLS USED BY ROMANS:

• amputations and surgeries

Chinese Medicine

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices

• physicians recognized the movement of life energy or qi (chi)

Qi (Chi)

Chinese Medicine:

• energy that flows within the body and the environment so when it is unbalanced, the person will get sick

Herbal Medicines and Acupuncture

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices

• Applications of Chinese Medicines

Ayurvedic Medicine

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices

• means the “science of life” or “sciences of lifespan”

chakras

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices

• According to Ayurvedic Medicine, illness occurs when energy flow is blocked which is known as ________.

genetics

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Factors that blocks Chakras

a. religiously cursed

b. results in a disease

c. others

a = ?

birth defects

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Factors that blocks Chakras

a. religiously cursed

b. results in a disease

c. others

b = ?

Climate and Seasonal Changes, Injuries

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Factors that blocks Chakras

a. religiously cursed

b. results in a disease

c. others

c = ?

Sagers or seers

Key Historical Healing Modalities

Impacting Current Healing Practices

• Healers of Ayurvedic Medicine