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Prokaryotes
Single-celled organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles, including bacteria and archaea.
Eukaryotes
Organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Phylogeny
The evolutionary history and relationships among species.
Taxonomy
The science of classifying and naming organisms.
Bacteria
One of the domains in the three-domain system, comprising true bacteria (Eubacteria).
Archaea
One of the domains in the three-domain system, comprising extremophiles (Archaebacteria).
Eukarya
One of the domains in the three-domain system, including kingdoms such as Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista.
Species
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Strains
Variants within a species, often with slight genetic differences.
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique used to identify individuals or species based on unique patterns in their DNA.
Serology
The study of blood serum, used to identify antibodies or antigens.
Gram-positive bacteria
Bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan layer that stains purple.
Gram-negative bacteria
Bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer that stains pink.
Fungal Spores
Reproductive cells of fungi that can develop into new organisms.
Mycosis
Fungal infections affecting different parts of the body.
Protozoa
Single-celled eukaryotic organisms.
Helminths
Parasitic worms.
Virion
An individual virus particle.
Lytic Cycle
A bacteriophage multiplication cycle that results in the destruction of the host cell.
Lysogenic Cycle
A bacteriophage multiplication cycle where the viral genome integrates into the host genome, replicating without killing the host.
Prions
Misfolded proteins that cause diseases by inducing other proteins to misfold.
Reverse Transcriptase
An enzyme used by retroviruses to convert RNA into DNA.
Viroids
Small, circular RNA molecules that cause disease in plants.
