transcription factors and problems with doping

what are transcription factors

proteins that bind to specific base sequences that either stimulate or prevent transcription of a gene

where is a premotor sequence found

upstream of a gene they act on

what do premotor sequences enable

binding of rna polymerase and therefore promote transcription

how do enhancer sequences work

regulate dna activity by changing chromatin structure changing how easy it is to open rna polymerase

what is the effect of chromatin opening rna polymerase

active gene expression

what is an example of a steroid hormone

testosterone

how do steroid hormones initiate a change

* enter through plasma membrane forming hormone-receptor complex
* this initiates a change in the nucleus

what is an example of a peptide hormone

EPO

whats the difference between steroid and peptide hormones

steroid hormones are lipid soluble, peptide are not.

how do peptide hormones bring about a change

cant enter the cell so they release a secondary messenger molecule from the cell membrane which enters the nucleus

why may doping be acceptable

athletes have the right to decide for themselves

may allow disadvantaged to compete at a higher level w

why is doping not acceptable

athletes don’t always know the risks

makes competition unfair