10th Grade Accelerated History Study Guide

White Man's Burden

Cultural Imperialism

Social Darwinism

Cash Crop

Direct Rule

Indirect Rule

Missionary

Colony

Sphere of Influence

Taxes

Belgian Congo

Competition

Natural Resources

Trade

Open Door Policy

Closed Door policy

Mercantilism

Berlin Conference

Annexation of Philippines

Sepoy Rebellion

Spanish-American War

Opium War

Treaty of Nanking

Boxer Rebellion

Meiji Restoration

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination triggered WWI.

Gavrilo Princip

The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand.

Militarism

The belief in building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

Alliances

Agreements between nations to provide mutual support in case of conflict.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country.

Triple Alliance

Military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before WWI.

Triple Entente

Alliance between France, Russia, and Great Britain before WWI.

Allied Powers

Coalition of nations including France, Britain, Russia, and later the US during WWI.

Central Powers

Coalition of nations including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire during WWI.

Lusitania

British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat, influencing US entry into WWI.

Total War

A war strategy where all resources and efforts are mobilized for the war effort.

Zimmerman Note

A secret diplomatic communication from Germany proposing a military alliance with Mexico.

Trench Warfare

A type of combat where soldiers fight from deep trenches, leading to stalemates.

Schlieffen Plan

Germany's military strategy to quickly defeat France and then fight Russia.

Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended WWI, imposing heavy reparations on Germany.

Wilson's 14 pts

President Wilson's proposal for peace that included self-determination and the League of Nations.

League of Nations

An international organization formed after WWI to promote peace and cooperation.

Shell Shock

Psychological trauma experienced by soldiers during WWI, now known as PTSD.

Self-Determination

The right of people to choose their own form of government.

Reparations

Payments made by a country to compensate for war damages.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A type of naval warfare where submarines sink vessels without warning.

Stalemate

A situation in which neither side in a conflict can gain an advantage.

Armenian Genocide

The mass extermination of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire during WWI.

February Revolution 1917

The uprising that led to the abdication of Czar Nicholas II in Russia.

October Revolution 1917

The Bolshevik takeover of the Russian government.

Russian Civil War

Conflict between the Red Army (Bolsheviks) and White Army (anti-Bolsheviks) after the October Revolution.

Great/Global Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929.

Nazi Party

Political party led by Adolf Hitler that promoted fascism and anti-Semitism.

Fascism

A far-right authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power and strong regimentation.

Communism

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society and collective ownership.

Gestapo

Secret police of Nazi Germany.

Aryan

A term used by Nazis to describe a supposed master race.

SS

Schutzstaffel, a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler.

Brown Shirts

The SA (Sturmabteilung), the Nazi Party's original paramilitary wing.

Nuremberg Laws

Racial laws in Nazi Germany that discriminated against Jews.

Kristallnacht

A violent anti-Jewish pogrom that took place in November 1938.

Nazism

The ideology and policies of the National Socialist German Workers' Party.

Jewish 'Stab in the Back'

A belief that Jews betrayed Germany during WWI.

December Criminals

A term used to describe those blamed for Germany's defeat in WWI.

Reichstag Fire

A fire at the German parliament building in 1933, used by Hitler to consolidate power.

1932 Elections

Elections in Germany where the Nazi Party gained significant seats.

Article 48

A provision in the Weimar Constitution allowing the President to rule by decree.

Enabling Act

A 1933 law that gave Hitler the power to enact laws without parliamentary consent.

Einsatzgruppen

Mobile killing units responsible for mass shootings of Jews and others.

Concentration Camp

A facility where political prisoners and others were detained and often killed.

Holocaust

The genocide of six million Jews and millions of others by the Nazi regime.

Genocide

The deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group.

Eugenics

A set of beliefs and practices aimed at improving the genetic quality of a human population.

Appeasement

The policy of making concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid conflict.

Blitzkrieg

A military tactic that uses fast-moving and coordinated attacks to overwhelm the enemy.

Total Warfare

A type of warfare that involves all of a nation's resources and targets civilian infrastructure.

Totalitarianism

A political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 1962 confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over missiles in Cuba.

Iron Curtain

A term used to describe the division between the Soviet bloc and the West during the Cold War.

Marshall Plan

An American initiative to aid Western Europe economically after WWII.

Vietnam War

A conflict in Vietnam from 1955 to 1975 involving North Vietnam and South Vietnam.

Guatemalan Genocide

The systematic killing of the Maya people during the Guatemalan Civil War.

Cultural Revolution

A sociopolitical movement in China from 1966 to 1976 aimed at preserving communist ideology.

Decolonization

The process by which colonies gained independence from colonial powers.

Nationalism/Anti-Imperialism

A political ideology that emphasizes national interests and opposes colonial rule.

Neocolonialism

The practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural imperialism to influence a country.