Melanin and Mutation Unit Review

Gene

Parts of DNA that code for different traits

Allele

Variation of a gene

Dominant

Most common trait; is shown if you have one or more of it’s illegal

Recessive

Only shows if no dominant alleles are present

Phenotype

Physical appearances/traits

Genotype

Genetic code in your DNA

Homozygous

Same alleles

Heterozygous

Different alleles

DNA

Instructions for building proteins and creating different traits

RNA

A single strand molecule that has copied information from DNA

Transcription

Copying mRNA from DNA using its complementary bases

Translation

Making proteins using the amino acids from the mRNA

Substitution- missense

When a base pair is replaced, changing one amino acid

Substitution- nonsense

When a base pair is replaced to code for a “stop” codon

Substitution- silent

When a base pair is replaced, but codes for the same amino acid as the previous codon

Frameshift- insertion

When a base pair is inserted in the sequence, shifting everything forward and changing many amino acids

Frameshift- deletion

When a base pair is removed from the sequence, shifting everything backward and changing many amino acids

RNA: A

RNA: U

RNA: C

RNA: G

DNA: A

DNA: T

DNA: C

DNA: G