Apush Vocab Period 2

Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore

1694 he was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom and a refuge for the persecuted Catholics

Maryland Act of Toleration (1649)

aimed to establish freedom of religion for all American settlers.

Roger Williams

antidisestablishmentarian; encouraged sep of church and state and religious freedom; was exiled then founded Rhode Island.

Anne Hutchinson

antidisestablishmentarian; taught women the bible and was exiled for it.

Halfway Covenant

method for people away from the church to get Baptized to keep a religious majority.

Quakers

Protestants that believed in pacifism

Jamestown

Second English colony, in Virginia, founded 1607. Established to find gold / be economically successful for Britain

Virginia House of Burgesses

first American legislative body using representatives, aided in American self-governance.

John Rolfe

One of the English settlers at Jamestown (married Pocahontas). Discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia, making it an economically successful colony.

Starving Time

Winter of 1609 - 1610 to the colonists of Virginia. Many died of starvation because they did not possess the skills that were necessary to obtain food in the new world.

Puritans

= Congregationalist. A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Separatists

= Pilgrims. Believed the English Church was beyond saving and created the Plymouth colony

Mayflower Compact

1620 - first governing document signed by the men of the Plymouth Colony, aiding in self governance.

Plymouth

1620 Virginia Colony under John Smith

John Winthrop

Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill"

Restoration Colonies

Colonies created as a result from the land grants in North America given by King Charles II. The colonies were the Carolinas, New Jersey, NY, and PN

English Civil War

1640-60. Civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the Roundheads in the English Civil War; Afterwards, took the throne and enforced strict Puritan ideals to the people's dismay

King James I

English king who wanted to have a successful colony in America. Catholic who then created the King James Bible

Metacomet's War / King Philip's War

War lead by Metacomet of the Wampanoag tribe over land which lead to their loss and English expansion.

Bacon's Rebellion

Nathan Bacon and other indentured servants fought for their freedom. Failed in which the black were put in lifetime slavery, showing a good example of early racism.

Governor Berkeley

Governor of Virginia, had a policy that favored Native Americans, refused to retaliate against Natives, led to Bacon's Rebellion.

New England Confederation

1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.

Chesapeake Colonies

Virginia and Maryland

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by aiming for more exports released compared to imports.

Navigation Acts

Laws from James I that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England, making colonist angry

Dominion of New England

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

Sir Edmund Andros

Governor appointed by the King of England to govern over the Dominion of England

Glorious Revolution

1660s-80s when Kings Charles I - James II; exile of James II into King George I; Increased American Self-Governance

Indentured Servants

Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor.

Triangular Trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa.

Headright System

a land-grant policy in the English colonies that gave land to anyone who paid for a settler's passage to the colonies - encouraged slavery and indentured servitude with farmers.

Middle Passage

The route they would take to drop off slaves

Benjamin Franklin

encouraged literacy in America - the Great Awakening since people would read bibles.

Phillis Wheatley

First African American female writer to be published in the United States.

Great Awakening

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.

Jonathan Edwards

Preacher during the First Great Awakening; "Sinners in the hands of angry god"

George Whitefield

New Light / First Great Awakening Preacher, encourage preaching outside (where working ppl would be)

John Peter Zenger

Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press.

Enlightenment

a period of new thought when applying rational thought into social discussion. = New wave of thought