Science 3rd Quarter - Volcanoes

Main vent

where magma passes through from the magma chamber

Magma Chamber

large reservoir that stores molten rocks

Crater

Bowl-shaped depression produced by volcanic activity and explosion

Lava Flow

stream of molten rock flowing out of the crater

Ash Cloud

formed when thick volcanic ashes are discharged into the atmosphere

Ash

A mixture or rocks, minerals, and glass particles expelled during a volcanic eruption

mayon volcano

famous for its almost perfect cone shape

300 volcanoes

the philippines is home to ____ volcanoes due to its location, where is plate collision

Cinder Cone

formed from pyroclastic fragments and volcanic ashes

Composite volcanoes

typically symmetrical cones that are steep and rise as high as 2 400 meters

Stratovolcanoes

other name for composite

Shield

formed from non-acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity producing broad sloping sides and shield-like struc

Active

erupted during historical times within the last 600 years.

Dormant

These volanoes are active but not erupting

Extinct

these volcanoes have not had any eruption in the past 10 000 years

preparation phase

the magma chamber is being filled with magma

eruption phase

the pressure will start to build up inside the magma chamber and the energy starts to increase for eruption

ending phase

after the eruption, the magma chamber is now empty

Effusive eruptions

involve the outpouring of basaltic magma that is relatively low in viscosity and low in gas content

Explosive eruptions

involve magma of high viscosity and high gas content

Hawaiian

fluid basaltic lava is thrown into the air, creating a lava fountain or lava flows.

Strombolian

burst of glowing lava due to the bursting of gas bubbles

Vulcanian

the eruption is short, explosive, and violent.

Plinian

the most violent among all types of volcanic eruptions.

Phreatic

steam-driven explosion.

phreatomagmatic

involves the eruption of magma that reacts to external water

Lava

refers to magma that has been expelled onto Earth’s surface

Tephra

refers to the pyroclastic materials and rock fragments that are being expelled during volcanic eruptions

volcanic bombs

molten rock that is larger than 64mm
large, dense pyroclastic rocks that cool in the air before they reach the ground
commonly found in older shield volcanoes

Volcanic ash

mixture of powder-sized (2mm or smaller)rocks, minerals, and gas particles

Lapilli

pyroclastic materials that range from 4 to 32mm

Volcanic blocks

pyroclastic materials that are already solid when ejected during eruptions