GEOLOGY (FINALS)

Geological and Geophysical Investigation

are essential steps before designing and constructing any structure such as buildings, bridges, dams, tunnels, or roads.

Geological and Geophysical Investigation

These studies help engineers understand the nature, condition, and behavior of the ground where the project will be built

Geological Investigation

studies the composition, structure, and history of the earth materials at a site

Geological Investigation

Its main goal is to determine whether the ground is suitable for construction and to identify potential geological hazards.

Geophysical Investigation

uses non-destructive physical methods to study subsurface conditions without extensive drilling. It measures how the ground responds to physical forces such as electricity, magnetism, or seismic waves.

Site Investigation

-is the process of gathering and analyzing information about the ground beneath a site to understand its soil, rock, and groundwater conditions. It helps determine the site’s suitability for construction, ensures safe foundation design, and identifies potential risks such as weak ground or contamination that could affect people, property, or the environment.

Objective of Site Investigation

Site Characterization

Identifying geotechnical hazards

Determining engineering properties

Assessing groundwater conditions

Guiding Foundation Design

Site Characterization

Establishing a detailed understanding of the subsurface stratigraphy, soil types, and rock formations

Identifying geotechnical hazards

Detecting potential issues like soil instability, sink holes or seismic risks

Determining engineering properties

Measuring soil parameters such as strength, permeability, and compressibility

Assessing groundwater conditions

Understanding water table levels and permeability to inform drainage and dewatering needs

Guiding Foundation Design

Providing data for designing safe and cost-effective foundations tailored to site conditions

Site Investigation Process

Desk study

Site visit

Site Report

Desk study

it includes ordinance map, geological data, previous projects. This shows initial overview of the site's geological and hydrological context

Site visit

it includes layout sketch, existing services, access to site, nearest town

Site Report

includes detail report consisting geological report, such as soil data, and rock sample