biology terms-mcat

negative pressure ventilation

Mammals use this method to suck air in. The diaphragm contracts and move down, the intercostal muscles contract and move up and out. This causes the lungs to expand. The pressure inside the lungs drops

Positive pressure ventilation

It is mechanical, you use either a breathing machine (ventilator) via ET tube or non-invasive bag-mask, CPAB, BiPAP, etc to force air into the lungs, expand the lungs and deliver oxygen to the alveoli.12th

Diffusion

_______ of gases is important in the movement of oxygen into the blood from the alveoli and the movement of carbon dioxide out of the blood into the alveoli

Conjugation

Requires pious and separate set of genes present on a plasmid called a (F)ertilty Factor

Transformation

Bacteria take up DNA from surroundings, the media they are immersed in

Transduction

The process whereby genes are transferred by a virus

Translocation

General term used to describe movement from 1 place to another

Starvation

Leads to increased plasma cortisol, inability to undergo thermogenesis, unrestrained appetite, and resistance to insulin.

Antagonist

something that opposes or blocks the action of another substance or structure

Agonist

molecule (like a hormone or drug) that binds to a specific cellular receptor and activates it, triggering a biological response

During fertilization, the sperms mitochondria disintegrates

Why is the mitochondria only maternal?

Desmosomes

Cell-to-cell adhesion

Adherent junctions

Cell anchoring

Ectoderm

Endoderm

Mesoderm

Neural crest cells

Fluid mosaic model

Plasma membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer made up of primarily phospholipids. The polar heads interact with the exterior and inter environments, and the lipids are sandwich between the polar head groups. If the two lipid layers were to be spread out into one layer, the surface area covered by the lipids would correspond to twice of the surface area of all cells in the sample.

Parathyroid hormone