Science quiz

What is the full name of DNA?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What is the shape of DNA?

A double helix (twisted ladder)

What is DNA made of?

Sugar, Phosphase, and Nitrogen bases (A, T, C, G)

What connects the bases in DNA?

Hydrogen Bonds

What is the backbone of DNA?

Sugar and phosphate

What is DNA replication?

It is how a cell makes a copy of its DNA BEFORE it divides.

What are the 4 stages of DNA replication?

1. unzip the DNA

2. build new strands

3. leading and lagging strands

4. two identical DNA’s

What does it mean to “unzip” the DNA?

It is when the enzyme helicase separates the two strands. of the DNA double helix.

What happens when they build new strands?

The enzyme DNA polymerase adds new bases to match each original strand.

During building of new strands, what matches with what?

A pairs with T

C pairs with G

What happens with “leading” strands?

The leading strand is copied smoothly in one direction.

What happens with “lagging” strands?

The lagging strand is copied in small pieces because it goes the opposite way.

What are the small pieces of lagging strands called?

Okazaki fragments.

What are the two identical DNA’s made up of?

Each new DNA molecule has one old strand and one new strand.

What is the new DNA called that has one old strand and one new strand?

semi-conservative replication

What is the full name of RNA?

Ribonucleic acid

Name 3 ways RNA is different from DNA

1. It is single stranded

2. it contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)

3. Sugar in RNA is ribose; instead of deoxyribose in DNA

What is protein synthesis?

Transcription + Translation

Step 1: Transcription

Describe transcription in 3 ways.

1. it happens in the nucleus

2. DNA is used to make mRNA

3. mRNA carries the message from the DNA to the ribosome

Step 2: Translation

Describe translation in 5 ways.

1. it happens at the ribosome

2. mRNA is read in groups of 3 bases called codons.

3. Each codon codes for one amino acid.

4. tRNA brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome

5. amino acids are joined to make a protein

DNA

A molecule that stores genetic information.

Replication

Copying DNA before cell division.

mRNA

Messenger RNA - it carries instructions from DNA.

tRNA

Transfer RNA - brings amino acids to the ribosome

Ribosome

The site where proteins are made.

Transcription

DNA into mRNA

Translation

mRNA into protein

Codon

A set of 3 mRNA bases that codes for an amino acid

nucleus

where DNA is located and transcription happens