Chromosomes & DNA replication

Histones

proteins that DNA wraps around

Chromatin

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

chromosomes

Condensed cramatin visible during cell division

Centromere

the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together

sister chromatids

identical copies of chromosome

single chromosome

1 chromosome = 1 chromatid

Double chromosome

1 chromosome = 2 sister chromatids

Diploid (2n)

cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from a sperm

Haploid (n)

cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.

somatic cells / body cells

Diploid

gametes / sex cells

Haploid

autosomes

codes for the rest of the body

sex chromosomes

determines the biological sex;

XX - Female

XY - Male

Somatic cell - 44 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes

Binary Fission

(asexual reproduction)

division of prokaryotic cells

G1

Cell growth

s phase

DNA replication (synthesis)

G2

makes more organelles; preparation for mitosis

Mitosis

division of the nucleus

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

checkpoints

fixed mutations

tumor

uncontrolled cell division