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Histones
proteins that DNA wraps around
Chromatin
Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
chromosomes
Condensed cramatin visible during cell division
Centromere
the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together
sister chromatids
identical copies of chromosome
single chromosome
1 chromosome = 1 chromatid
Double chromosome
1 chromosome = 2 sister chromatids
Diploid (2n)
cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from a sperm
Haploid (n)
cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
somatic cells / body cells
Diploid
gametes / sex cells
Haploid
autosomes
codes for the rest of the body
sex chromosomes
determines the biological sex;
XX - Female
XY - Male
Somatic cell - 44 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes
Binary Fission
(asexual reproduction)
division of prokaryotic cells
G1
Cell growth
s phase
DNA replication (synthesis)
G2
makes more organelles; preparation for mitosis
Mitosis
division of the nucleus
cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm
checkpoints
fixed mutations
tumor
uncontrolled cell division