World Geography TAG -- Russia

Russia year of creation

800s AD

Where did the vikings who discovered Russia settle and how did they adapt?

Between the Baltic and Black Seas and adjusted to the customs of the local Slavs

When did the Mongol warrior's invade Russia?

The 13th century

What were the Mongol warrior's who invaded Russia called?

Tartars

When did the Mongols stop controlling Russia?

The 1500s

Who put an end to Mongol rule in Russia?

Ivan the Great

How did Ivan the Great and other Russian leaders effect the geography of Russia?

Expanded it East, adding more territory and people

Despite its growth geographically, how did Russia lag behind?

Russia lagged behind in science and technology

Peter the Great years in power of Russia

1682-1725

What was Peter the Great's goal?

To modernize and westernize Russia

What did Peter the Great build?

St. Petersburg, moving the capital from Moscow to there

What kind of leader was Peter the Great?

Czar

Catherine the Great years of power

1762-1796

How did Catherine the Great effect Russia?

Made many changes in the empire causing it to expand, yet this still left Russia lagging behind other nations

What was the status of the Czar during its beginning?

Uber rich

What was the status of the common people during the Czar's beginning?

Poor, uneducated

Bourgeoisie

middle / rich class. think "bougie"

Proletariat

working class. think "pro workers"

What was the Worker's Plea?

Can't we have more rights and less taxes?

How did Tsar Nicholas respond to the Worker's Plea?

Refusal / no. Killed protesters / those who participated in labor strike

What was the result of the Russo-Japanese war?

Russia lost in humiliating fashion

How does Vladimir Lenin react to the Worker's Plea differently than Tsar Nicholas?

Vladimir Lenin promises "peace, bread, and land" to the proletariat

How was the morale of Russia effected during WWI?

In 1914-1918, people's anger towards the Czar exploded

What revolution ended the rule of Czars?

The Russian revolution of 1917

What happened as a result of the opposed views after the revolution?

A civil war between the white and red army

Who won the civil war?

Red Army (Bolsheviks)

When was the USSR formed?

1922

Who was the leader of Russia during WWII?

Joseph Stalin

Who created the ideas the soviet system was based on?

Karl Marx

What is Karl Marx's idea known as?

Communism

How is history shaped according to communism?

Class struggle

What is the road to communism?

Ancient -> Feudal (Monarchy) -> Capitalist -> Socialist -> Communism

What do communists believe capitalists exploit workers by?

By taking a surplus value or the access of value produced by the labor of workers over the wages they are paid

Fredrich Engels

Marx's partner in writing the Communist Manifesto

What is primitive communism?

This is how humans first lived together - in small tribes.
Everything was shared amongst the tribe - food, jobs, belongings. No-one owned land.

What is feudalism?

Under feudalism, a king or emperor or chief becomes the ruler over all the people.

How are the common people treated in a feudalist society?

They are kept uneducated and told that God chose the king to rule. The church helps the king this way. Further, the King gives privileges only to nobles who rule the people for him

What is capitalism according to Marx?

The business owners or capitalists get richer while the workers do all the hard work. The capitalists get more power to serve their own interests. Capitalism creates a huge working-class of people who soon get angry at the way they are treated.

What is socialism according to Marx?

In the Socialist revolution all the rulers - kings, churches, capitalists are gotten rid of. The workers take control of the country to produce things for everyone. Because nothing is made for profit, all people benefit from education and health.

What is the final stage: communism?

As everyone now works together, war is a thing of the past - armies are not needed.
Sharing means no police are needed.
Everything is provided by the people - so money becomes a thing of the past. All human activity goes towards benefiting each other - allowing all to live their lives to the fullest

How did Stalin effect Lenin's brutal rules for the USSR?

He built that system into a global power

How did Lenin and Stalin differ in their beliefs regarding free speech?

Lenin was open to sharing power and willing to tolerate some debate within the government but Stalin's goal was complete obedience and to have all the power

How did Lenin and Stalin differ in their ideas regarding the spread of communism?

Lenin encouraged communisms' spread and even went to dangerous measures to spread it while Stalin desired to keep communism to the USSR and the USSR only even for power even if it meant the prevention of a communist revolution elsewhere

Who had the royal family killed?

Lenin

What were Lenin's effects on Russia and its law?

Lenin nationalized the estates and crown lands, no-fault divorce was also legalized, along with universal free healthcare and free education being established

How long did Lenin lead the USSR and why did his leadership end?

After 13 years in power, Lenin died as a result of a series of strokes

What were the political effects of Lenin's death?

Power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky

Despite Lenin's opposition towards him, who came into power after Lenin's death?

Joseph Stalin

How did Stalin deal with his opposition to Trotsky?

He had him exiled (expelled from his native country) and killed

Who did Stalin care most for?

His wife

What do Stalin and the Great's of the Csar have in common?

They both desired the westernization of Russia

About how many people died in WWII from the USSR?

22-28 million, much more than any other country

What country received Eastern Germany?

USSR

What country received Western Germany?

USA

What was the Eastern Bloc?

the European nations that were annexed by the Soviet Union

What was the Iron Curtain?

A metaphorical separation between eastern and western Europe

What was the Cold War about?

Competition and values

What were the parts of Stalin's five year plan?

Collective Farms & Industrialization, Economic Control & Planning

What was Stalin's Five Year Plan: Collective Farms & Industrialization?

Rapid industrialization was a major Soviet goal, Collective farms were established to increase food production

What was an effect of Collective Farms & Industrialization?

Millions starved - more than 14 million died under Josef Stalin

What was Stalin's Five Year Plan: Economic Control & Planning?

The government controlled Soviet land, mines, factories, banks, etc. Soviet planners decided what to produce & the cost put on the products

What idea developed around Stalin?

A cult personality

What is a cult personality

The adoration of an individual through the use of art and popular culture.

When did Stalin die?

1953

Sputnik

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

Perestroika

restructuring

Who brought an end to the Cold War?

Gorbachev

Who caused the collapse of the USSR?

Gorbachev

When did Gorbachev resign?

1991

Glasnost

openness

Who was the first president of the Russian Federation?

Boris Yeltsin

Boris Yeltsin vows

to transform Russia's socialist economy into a capitalist market economy and implemented economic shock therapy, price liberalization and nationwide privatization.

What was a negative effect of the total economic shift brought by Gorbachev?

national property and wealth fell into the hands of a small number of oligarchs

Issues during the Yeltsin era

widespread corruption, inflation, economic collapse, social and political issues

When did Yeltsin resign?

1999

Who proceeded Yeltsin?

Vladamir Putin

What was Putin's goal after the collapse of the USSR?

Economic improvement

What was lost at the end of the Cold War?

Food, oil, gas, people

What was a geographic effect of the Cold War/USSR's end?

The loss of land, the decrease from 15 territories to one

What was a negative result of the end of the USSR's collapse economically and nutritionally?

The loss of 15 countries of land, which provided Russia with many resources, resulted in the lack of agricultural ability and food for its citizens

Where did Russia receive many of its agriculture from?

Ukraine and Khazakstan

What was one result of the economic transition from command to capitalism on the legal stature of Russia?

There was a higher amount of organized crime as the government couldn't pay for the military or police

Who were the oligarchs?

White collar criminals with ties to the government. The rich got richer and richer

What Russia's media agency/Internet censor Roskomnadzor?

A group which made it illegal to post any internet meme depicting a public figure in any way unrelated to his "personality"

What is the major religion of Russia?

Orthodox Christianity

What Russian traditions remain despite the end of the USSR?

People still have homes in the country called dachas and the Russian-style sauna, a banya, is still popular

What happened in 1861 of Russian history?

Serfs freed

What happened in 1904-05 of Russian history?

The Russo-Japanese war

What happened in 1914/WWI of Russian history?

the people want out of the war, but the Czar wants to stay in the war

What happened in 1917 of Russian history?

Bolshevik revolution : Tsar overthrown

What happened in 1924 of Russian history?

Lenin dies

What happened in 1924-1953 of Russian history?

Stalin is in power

What happened in 1939-1945 of Russian history?

World War II / "Great Patriotic War"

What happened in 1941-1945 of Russian history?

Russia allied with the US/UK

What happened in 1955 of Russian history?

Warsaw Pact

What was the Warsaw Pact?

A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe.

What happened in 1985 of Russian history?

Gorbachev becomes premier

What happened in 1991 of Russian history?

Yeltsin takes over, Russian Federation is forms (collapse of USSR), and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is formed

What happened in 1993 of Russian history?

New Constitution

What happened in 2000 of Russian history?

Putin came to power