skeletal system and osteology of lower limb

functions of skeletal system

movement, support, blood cell production, support, storageof minerals and fats.

skeletal system - support

muscles are attached to bones for support

skeletal system - protect example

skull protects brain

skeletal system - movement

when muscle contracts, movement occurs

skeletal system - blood cell production

within long cells, bone marrow contains blood cells

skeletal system - storage

bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus

cartilage

usually associated with bones in a joint

ligaments

attach bones to bones

tendons

attach muscles to bones

osteoprogenitor

precursor to more mature bone

osteoblast

builders of bone, create and secrete bone matrix

bone matrix

has lots of minerals

osteocyte

“chills” in cell, surrounds itself in matrix

osteoclast

remodels bones and releases minerals when needed

diaphysis

central shaft of long bone, surrounded by compact tissue

epiphyses

end of long bones, contains spongey bone tissue

articular cartilage

covers epiphyses and reduces friction

periosteum

membrane around bones outer surface

endosteum

membrane that line medullary cavity

epiphyseal plate

site of growth found between diaphysis and epiphysis

medullary cavity

center of diaphysis that contains red marrow in young and yellow marrow in adults

ridges

elongated elevations

projections

spikes that stick out

openings

holes that go through bone

depressions

when a body part lowers

mastoid process of temporal bones

greater trochanter of femur

head of femur

neck of femur

lesser trochanter

lateral condyle

medial epicondyle

intertochanteral line

ilium

ischium

pubis

os coxae

hip bone

what makes up the os coxae

ilium, ischium, pubis

acetabulum

where the head of the femur fits to make the hip joint

iliac crest

iliac fossa

anterior superior iliac spine

anterior inferior iliac spine

obturator foramen

femur

tibia medial condyle

tibia lateral condyle

tibia intercondylar eminence

tibial tuberosity

tibia medial malleoulus

fibular head

lateral malleolus

talus

calcaneus

navicular

cuboid

medual cuneiform

intermediate cuneiform

lateral cuneiform

metatarsals