chapter 14 clinical psy

The career of Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with _____ therapy.

B. behavior

Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is NOT true?

D. He partnered with Albert Bandura on studies of social learning.

In the early 1900s, _____ argued that the classical conditioning lessons learned from Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs should apply to humans also.

C. John Watson

Edward Lee Thorndike's law of effect provides the theoretical basis for _____.

A. operant conditioning

B. F. Skinner is most closely associated with _____.

D. operant conditioning

Thorndike is to _____ as Pavlov is to _____.

B. classical conditioning, operant conditioning

_____ is most closely associated with classical conditioning, while _____ is most closely associated with operant conditioning.

C. Pavlov, Skinner

Thorndike's law of effect states that

C. actions followed by pleasurable consequences are more likely to occur.

The main goal of behavior therapy is

C. observable behavior change.

10. Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy, behavioral psychotherapy

C. both emphasizes empiricism and defines problems in terms of observable behaviors.

Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy, behavior therapy

B. employs testable hypotheses and observable, measurable outcome measures.

Which of the following places the steps of the scientific method in correct order?

B. Observe a phenomenon, develop hypotheses, test the hypotheses, observe the outcome of the tests, revise the hypotheses

According to behavior therapists,

B. client behaviors are the problem.

Sherrie is diagnosed with depression. She believes she is unlovable, cries several hours per day, consumes less calories, and thinks her symptoms will never end. In treatment, a behavior therapist is most likely to target

B. the amount of time Sherrie cries each day

A behavior therapist is most likely to judge the success of treatment via changes in the patient's

C. observable behaviors.

In Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs, the dog's food was a(n) _____.

B. unconditioned stimulus

In a lab, Albert is conditioned to fear a white mouse. However, after leaving the lab, he not only continues to fear white mice; he also demonstrates fear of other white, fluffy objects (e.g., Santa Claus' beard, white bunnies). Which of the following behavior therapy terms best describes what has happened to Albert?

C. Generalization

Operant conditioning proposes that all human (and animal) actions are governed by _____.

A. contingencies

Which of the following behavior therapy techniques is primarily based on classical conditioning?

B. Systematic desensitization

Because it is not practical to conduct treatment at an airport, Jeanie's psychologist has her imagine that she is flying on a plane as part of treatment for her flying phobia. What exposure therapy technique is

A. Imaginal exposure

Dr. Vogt's new client is a timid, apprehensive individual with social anxieties. Which of the following behavior therapies should he likely select for treatment?

C. The classical conditioning technique of assertiveness training

Which of the following behavioral psychotherapy techniques is primarily based on operant conditioning?

D. Contingency management

The creation of an anxiety hierarchy is a core feature of _____.

B. exposure therapy

For the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, _____ is a form of therapy that has received substantial empirical support.

A. exposure and response prevention

_____, a treatment for phobias and other anxiety disorders, involves re-pairing a feared object with a new response that is incompatible with anxiety.

C. Systematic desensitization

Although they have been used for a variety of clinical issues, exposure therapy and systematic desensitization have been used primarily for the treatment of _____

B. anxiety disorders

_____ is typically present in systematic desensitization but typically absent from exposure therapy.

A. Relaxation training

_____ is a specific application of classical conditioning that targets patients' social anxieties; it may help a patient insist on appropriate service at a restaurant or ask someone out on a date.

C. Assertiveness training

_____ is defined as any consequence that makes a behavior less likely to occur in the future

D. Punishment

According to the behavioral approach, _____ essentially means "getting something good," and _____ essentially means "losing something good."

B. positive reinforcement, negative punishment

"If you change the consequences of a behavior, the behavior will change." This statement best summarizes the rationale behind _____.

A. contingency management

The removal of an expected reinforcement that results in a decrease in the frequency of a behavior is known as _____.

A. extinction

The form of behavior therapy derived from Bandura's work that involves clients learning from the experiences of others, rather than their own experiences, is _____.

C. observational learning

Parent and teacher training are indirect interventions based on the principles of _____ therapy.

A. behavior

Behavioral activation is based on the simple idea that

A. the day-to-day lives of depressed people lack positive reinforcement.

The goal of _____ is to increase the frequency of behaviors that are positively reinforcing to the client.

D. behavioral activation

When behavioral activation begins, an important question for the clinical psychologist to ask the client is,

A. "Are there things that you are not doing now that you typically do when you are not depressed?"

Behavior therapies

C. with empirical support include exposure and response prevention for OCD and parent training for ADHD.