Ch4a

What were the two main social classes in early Rome?

Patricians (privileged class) and Plebeians (common people)

What significant political change occurred in 509 B.C. in Rome?

The overthrow of the king and the establishment of the republic.

What was the most powerful body of the Roman Republic?

The Senate

What was the significance of the Law of the Twelve Tables?

It was the first codification of Roman law, providing legal rights to all citizens.

What change occurred in 287 B.C. regarding the plebeian assembly?

The plebeian assembly gained the power to pass laws binding on all people of Rome.

What were the main reasons for the conflict between Rome and Carthage?

Control of trade and territory in the Mediterranean.

What was the outcome of the First Punic War?

Rome gained control of Sicily after Carthage sued for peace in 241 B.C.

What was Hannibal's strategy during the Second Punic War?

To invade Italy and capture Rome.

What significant battle did Scipio win against Hannibal?

The Battle of Zama

What were the consequences for Carthage after the Second Punic War?

Carthage surrendered, gave up land, and paid damages to Rome.

What led to the Third Punic War?

Carthage broke its deal with Rome.

What was the outcome of the Third Punic War?

Rome captured Carthage, killed or enslaved its inhabitants, and named the territory Africa.

What was the plight of small farmers during Roman expansion?

They lost their land and jobs due to competition with slave labor.

Who were Tiberius and Gaius, and what did they attempt to do?

They were champions of the poor who proposed reforms to help them.

What happened to Tiberius and Gaius?

Tiberius was murdered by angry senators, and Gaius committed suicide to avoid capture.

What was the outcome of the First Civil War in Rome?

Sulla emerged victorious and made himself dictator.

Who were the key figures in the Second Civil War?

Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.

What was the Triumvirate?

An alliance formed by Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus.

What significant action did Julius Caesar take against the Senate?

He refused to disband his army when ordered by the Senate.

What reforms did Julius Caesar implement as dictator?

He initiated public work programs and reformed the calendar.

When was Julius Caesar assassinated?

On March 15, 44 B.C.