Transfusion medicine

what type of reaction is a transfusion reaction

type II hypersensitivity

what happens in a type II hypersensitivity

self-directed antibodies opsonize cells and recruits neutrophils/macrophages to destroy self cells

at what stage is complement activated

C3 development

what is targeted in a transfusion reaction

RBC membrane

what two ways are RBC membranes targeted

via autoantibody or via a drug

autoantibody response

if given the wrong blood type, the immune system responds as its non-self

what type of hemolysis occurs with autoantibody response

intravascular

drug response

drug modifies body's antibody to RBC and activates the immune system

what type of hemolysis occurs with drug response

extravascular

a transfusion reaction is what type of immunemediated disease

alloimmune disease

alloimmune disease

antibody from another animal of the same species reacts with an antigen of recipient

blood group antigen

a genetic characteristic associated with the presence or absence of certain molecules on the surface of RBCs

what are some examples of blood group antigens (3)

1. carbohydrates on glycolipids or glycoproteins of RBC

2. AA sequence in integral membrane proteins of RBC

3. absorbed factors from other tissues

what are the concerning blood types in horses

Aa or Qa

what do you not want to breed in horses

Aa or Qa negative mare with a positive sire - to get a positive foal

why is having a negative mare but a positive foal for Aa or Qa dangerous

maternal antibodies in colostrum would hemolyze foal's RBCs

what blood type is most concerning in dogs for neonatal isoerythrolysis

DEA-1

what other type do you have to be careful of in dogs

Dal

why is Dal dangerous

in 93% of non-dalmatians - so must give dalmatians dalmatian blood

blood types of cats

A, B, or AB

what allele is dominant in cats

A

if you are a type B cat, what is your alleles

must be homozygous recessive (B/B)

how can cats be type AB if A is dominant

are co-dominant for A and B because each are expressed on separate genes (so can switch back and forth)

what acid is found in type A cats

N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid

what acid is found in type B cats

N-acetyl-neuraminic acid

what acid is found in type AB cats

both: N-acetyl and N-glycolyl

what will cause neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats

type B queen with a type A or AB kitten

DEA-1 test

if test spot hemolyzes/is splotchy= positive for DEA-1

blood type test for cats

put blood in both type A and type B slots, which ever one hemolyzes/is splotchy= the type

blood type test for cats: if type B spot is splotchy, what type of blood is the cat

type B

major cross match

patient serum with donor RBC (check pt. antibodies)

minor cross match

patient RBC with donor serum (check donor antibodies)

what do you put together for a major cross match

1 drop of donor RBC with 2 drops of patient serum

what do you put together for a minor cross match

1 drop of patient RBC with 2 drops of donor serum

if there is hemolysis, are the pt and donor good matches

NO