SOCIAL STUDY GUIDE

CULTURE

the way of life of a group of people who share traditions

CIVILIZATION

a culture that has organized a social economic and political system

RELIGION

A cultural system of beliefs, and practices (organized way of warshiping)

MONOTHEISM

Belief in one god (Judaism, Christianity, Islam)

POLYTHEISM

Belief in many gods

LITERACY RATE

the % of people who can read vs those who can't.

SOVEREIGNTY

they have the most power

AUTHORITARIAN

having complete control no freedom (if u don't do what they say there will be consequences example: Russia or china

DICTATORSHIP

a country, government, or the form of government in which absolute power is exercised by a dictator.

MONARCH

a person uncharge of the head of state especially a king, queen.

CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

A King or Queen acts like the head of state but they need permission

OILIGARCHY

group of people controlling a country

DEMOCRACY

voting someone to represent you

SUFFRAGE

the right to vote in political elections

ECONOMY

how rich or poor a country is

TOTALITARIANISM

people who put themselves in power

ECONOMIC SYSTEM

the way in which the people of a country produce and distribute good

TRADITIONAL ECONOMY

an economic system in which traditional, customs and beliefs shape the goods

COMMAND ECONOMY

An economic system in which the government controls a country's economy.

COMMUNISM

the government decided everything

MARKET ECONOMY

Economic decisions are made by individuals

CAPITALISM

private owners for profit

FREE ENTERPRISE

an economic system in which private business and governments are competing

MIXED ECONOMY

an economic system combining private and public enterprise. EXAMPLE: (when u go to the mall for free but you have to pay to go to the bathroom)

SOCIALISM

when the community controls the economy and government

GEOGRAPHY

study of the earth

ABSOLUTE LOCATION

the exact location of a place

HEMISPHERE

half of a sphere divided into northern and southern hemisphere

LATITUDE

imaginary line that measure distance N and S called parallels

LONGITUDE

imaginary line that measures distance east to west called meridians

GRID SYSTEM

where lines of latitude and longitude meet

RELITIVE LOCATION

what's nearby

ATMOSPHERE

the air that surrounds the earth

HYDROSPHERE

water areas on earth

LITHOSPHERE

surface areas of the earth

BIOSPHERE

a part of earth where life existed

MANTLE

thick middle layer of the Earth's interior structure consisting of hot rock that is dense but flexible

FOLD

A bend in layers of rock

FALUT

a break or crack in earths surface

WEATHERING

chemical and physical processes that break down rocks

EROSION

cutting away of earths surface

GLACIER

bodies of ice on earth

ISTHUMS

piece of land connecting large land masses

PLATEAU

flat landmass higher than the surrounding land

CONTINENTAL SHELF

shallow ocean areas near the coast of a continent

WATER CYCLE

regular movement of water

EVAPORATION

changing liquid to gas

CONDESTATION

water vapor turns into liquid then forms clouds

PERCIPITATION

water condenses, clouds get heavy and releases it

COLLECTION

water falls into earth and gets collected by 2 bodies of water

NATURAL RESOURCES

anything made by nature and used by people

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

anything that can be renewed by people or nature

NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

anything that can't be renewed by people or nature

IMPORTS

when items brought to a country

EXPORT

anything that leave the country

AXIS

imaginary line that goes through the center of the earth

EQUINOX

happens 2 times a year and makes day and night equal (12 hours in night and day)

SOLSTICE

happens 2 times a year and marks the beginning of summer and winter

TORNADO

a windstorm that starts on land

HURRICANE

a windstorm that starts on water

TSUNAMI

a seawave caused by an undersea earthquake

POLLUTION

when air, water and land is poison

STANDARD OF LIVING

the measure of peoples quantity of life

LOCATION

absolute (latitude and longitude) and relative

PHYSICAL CHARATERISTICS

anything made by nature

HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS

anything made by humans

HUMAN ENVIROMENTAL INTERACTIONS

how humans adopt to the environment

MOVEMENT

how anything moves

REGION

the language, culture and religion of people

MAP SCALE

measurement on a map that shows distance between points

MAP KEY

explains the symbols on a map

MAP SYMBOLS

colors, lines, shapes, & symbols that represent information on a map

COMPASS ROSE

a direction marker on a map

EQUATOR

imaginary line that divides the earth into northern and southern hemispheres

NORTH POLE

northern most point on earth (90 degrees north)

SOUTH POLE

southernmost point on Earth (90 degrees south)

CARDINAL DIRECTION

North, South, East, West

INTERMIDATE DIRECTION

northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest

TROPIC OF CANCER

23.5 degrees North

TROPIC OF CAPRICORN

23.5 degrees south

TIME ZONES

divided the world into 24 zones and each zone represent 15 degrees longatiude

moving east: - 1 hour

moving west: + 1 hour

PRIME MERIDIAN

0 degrees longitude, imaginary line that passes through Greenwich England

INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE

the line of longitude located at 180 degrees in the Pacific Ocean (traveling west + 1 day traveling east - 1 day)

PHYSICAL MAP

shows physical features on earths surface

POLITICAL MAP

shows boundaries of countries (they can change bc of wars etc)

TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

how high or low the land is

CLIMATE MAPS

shows us longterm weather

ROAD MAPS

like google maps (shows us where to go, where to turn etc)

SPECIAL PURPOSE MAPS

shows a single idea about an area

BAR GRAPHS

shows how highs and lows stand out clearly

CIRCLE GRAPHS

Uses percentages

LINE GRAPHS

shows changes in 2 variables

PICTOGRAPHS

uses pictures to show information

CHARTS AND TABLES

Information arranged in colloms and rows

DIAGRAM

drawings that explain something

VEN DIAGRAM

uses to compare and contrast 2 subjects

WEBS

diagram showing the main idea and details of a subject

UNEMPLOYMENT

they want to work but can't find any jobs