Eng Lang

Free Morpheme

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word and has meaning, such as "book" or "run."

Bound morpheme

A morpheme that cannot stand alone as a word and must be attached to a free morpheme, such as prefixes or suffixes like "un-" or "-ing."

Inflectional morpheme

A type of bound morpheme that modifies a word's tense, number, mood, or case, such as adding "-s" for plural or "-ed" for past tense.
However, this does not change the meaning of the word.

Derivational Morpheme

A type of bound morpheme that is added to a free morpheme to create a new word or change its meaning, such as adding “un-” to “knowingly” to make “unknowingly”
This changes the meaning of a word.

Sentence fragment

A group of words that does not express a complete thought and is typically missing a subject or verb, often resulting in an incomplete sentence.
“The computer is.”

Simple Sentence

A sentence consisting of only one independent clause, containing a subject and a predicate, expressing a complete thought.

“the dog barked loudly”

Compound sentence

A sentence that contains at least two independent clauses, usually joined by a coordinating conjunction such as "and" or "but."
eg: “I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.

Complex sentence

A sentence that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause, allowing for more detailed information and relationships between ideas.
For example: “Although it was raining, we decided to go for a hike."

Compound-Complex sentence

A sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause, combining elements of both compound and complex sentences.

For example: "Although it was raining, I went for a walk, and my friend stayed home."

Complement

Compuslary extra info.
in a sentence, a phrase or clause that adds extra info about the subject or object already mentioned.

eg “the cat seemed angry”, if you cut “angry” off, “the cat seemed” would not make sense, therefore it is a complement

Adverbial

Optional extra info
provides extra information about a verb or adverb.

eg “the cat was purring on my lap”, when you cut “on my lap” off, “the cat was purring” still makes sense on its own, therefore it is an adverbial.

Direct object

Direct Object: (compulsary).
A noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb, answering "what?" or "whom?"

Example: "She bought a book."

Direct object: "a book" (What did she buy?)

Indirect object

Indirect Object:
A noun or pronoun that receives the direct object, answering "to/for whom?" or "to/for what?"

Example: "She gave him a book."

Indirect object: "him" (To whom did she give the book?)

Coordinating conjunction

when you have two independent clauses to join together, you use a COORDINATING CONJUNCTION

these will then create a compound sentence.

subordinating conjunction

when one independent and one dependent clause are joined to make a sentence, we use a subordinating conjunction

although, after, since, unless etc.

Name 6 of the Functions of language

referential (convery info/facts)
emotive (expresses ones emotions)
conative (influences ones, command etc)
phatic (social relationship)
metalinguistic (used to discuss language itself)
poetic (foucuses on aesthetics of language)

Sentence types

imperative (command), exclamative (emotional), declarative (statement), interrogative (question).