Joints & Articulations

synarthrotic joints

immovable joints

amphiarthrotic joints

slightly moveable joints

diarthrotic joints

freely moveable joints

fibrous joints

joined together by dense connective tissue, no joint cavity 

types of fibrous joints 

sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses 

sutures

located only in the skull

gomphoses

located only between teeth and bony alveolar sockets, synarthrotic 

syndesmoses

bones are connected by ligaments (synarthrotic) or by interosseuous membranes (amphiarthrotic)

baby skull classification

amphiarthrotic suture

adult skull classification

synarthrotic suture

cartilaginous joints

cartilage connects the bone, no joint cavity

types of cartilaginous joints

synchondroses and symphses

synchondroses

hyaline cartilage connects bones, synarthrotic

symphyses

fibrocartilage connects bone, amphiarthrotic 

synovial joints

ligament binds the bone, joint cavity is present, DIARTHROTIC

ligaments that reinforce synovial joints

capsular/intrinsic ligaments, extracapsular ligaments, intracapsular ligaments

capsular/intrinsic ligaments

located inside the fibrous capsule

extracapsular ligaments

located external to the articular capsule

intracapsular ligaments

located deep to the articular capsule

menisci

discs of fibrocartilage that extend from the articular capsule into the synovial cavity to improve the fit of a synovial joint to minimize wear and tear

bursae

flattened fibrous sacs that contain synovial fluid to reduce friction where bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles rub together

tendon sheaths

elongated bursae that wrap completely around tendons, reduce friction

plane joint

articulating surfaces are flat, gliding movements, intercarpals and intertarsals

hinge joint

one articular surface is cylindrical and the other is a trough, flexion and extension, elbow and knee joint

pivot joint

one articular surface is round and the other is a sleeve/ring, rotation, alanto-axial joint “No”

condyloid joint

one articular surface is oval protrusion and the other is oval depression, flexion extension abduction adduction circumduction, alanto-occipital joint “Yes”

saddle joint

one articular bone has both convex and concave surfaces and the other has both in reverse, carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

ball-and-socket joint

one articular surface us a spherical head and the other is a cup-like socket, all movement allowed, shoulder and hip joint