ANIMAL CELLS & ANIMAL TISSUE

Animal

According to Britannica (2023), any

of a group of multicellular eukaryotic

organisms.

Animal

They are thought to have evolved

independently from the unicellular

eukaryotes.

Animals

differ from members of the two

other kingdoms of multicellular eukaryotes,

the plants and the fungi, in fundamental

variations in morphology and physiology.

animals

This is largely because _______ have

developed muscles and hence mobility, a

characteristic that has stimulated the further

development of tissues and organ systems.

Skin Cells

- Consists of keratinocytes and melanocytes.

Keratinocytes

make up 90% of all skin cells.

keratin

Keratinocytes produce a protein called _______.

melanin

Melanocytes produce _______ which gives

color to skin.

Myocytes or muscle cells

are long tubular

cells that help organisms move their limbs

and organs

Blood cells

can be either red blood cells or

white blood cells.

Red blood cells

make up

99% of all blood cells and delivers oxygen to

different parts of the body.

White blood cells

find and destroy pathogens and other

harmful substances in the body.

Fat Cells

- Adipocytes or lipocytes are storage cells for

fats and lipids which are reserves of energy.

- Adipocytes or lipocytes

are storage cells for

fats and lipids which are reserves of energy.

Neurons or nerve cells

are the main cells of

the nervous system

Neurons or nerve cells

They carry messages

and deliver signals to different parts of the

body using their dendrites and axons

Bone cells / Osteocytes

are majority of cells embedded

within the substance of fully formed lobe.

Epithelial

Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities,

some epithelial cells secrete glands.

Connective

Binds and supports body parts.

Muscular

Long cylindrical fibers arranged in parallel

arrays which allows the parts of the body to

move.

Nervous

Receives, processes, and transmits

information from one part of the body to

another

Squamous Epithelium

- Flat and thin cells with no intercellular

spaces between cells.

Squamous Epithelium

Found in the outer layer of the skin, in the

lining of cavities, blood vessels, and in the

chambers of the heart.

Columnar Epithelium

Cylindrical in shape, it facilitates the

movement of nutrients across epithelial

barrier.

Columnar Epithelium

- Found in the lining of stomach and intestines

Ciliated epithelium

- A columnar cell with hair-like projections

called cilia.

cilia.

Ciliated epithelium is a columnar cell with hair-like projections called _____

Cilia

push the mucus forward into the nasal

tract to clear it.

ciliated epithelium

Found in the lining of the respiratory tract

Cuboidal epithelium

Cube-like in shape, it provides mechanical

support to organs.

Cuboidal epithelium

Found in the lining of kidney tubules, salivary

glands, and thyroid glands

Stratified Epithelium

Forms layers of epithelial cells, composed of

one or different types of epithelial cells.

Stratified Epithelium

- Found in the epidermis of the skin, lining of

the mouth cavity, and esophagus.

Blood

A fluid connective tissue composed of

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells,

and platelets.

Blood

- It flows through blood vessels carrying

oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and antibodies

to different parts of the body.

- Found in blood vessels.

Bone

- They are hard and porous.

Bone cells

are embedded in a matrix

composed of calcium and phosphorous

compounds.

Bone

They anchor muscle tissues, protect internal

organs, and give mechanical support to the

entire body.

Fibrous Connective Tissues

- Ligaments connect two bones, on the other

hand, tendons connect bones to the

muscles.

Fibrous Connective Tissues

- They add strength to muscles.

- Found in ligaments and tendons

Cartilage

Widely spaced cells suspended in a matrix of

protein and sugars

Cartilage

- Adds mechanical support and flexibility.

Cartilage

- Found in nose, ears, trachea, and at the end

of long bones for flexibility

Areolar Connective Tissue

Cells that fill the space inside organs and give

them mechanical support.

Areolar Connective Tissue

Found between the skin and muscles,

around blood vessels and nerves

Adipose Connective Tissues

Filled with fat globules, they act as an

insulator.

Adipose Connective Tissues

Found in below the skin, around internal

organs.

Striated Muscle (Skeletal)

- Cylindrical in shape and

contains many nucleus.

Each muscle fiber has

alternating dark and light-

colored bands called

striations.

Striated Muscle (Skeletal)

Help animals move limbs

and lift objects. It is a

voluntary muscle.

Striated Muscle (Skeletal)

Found in limbs, hands

main body trunk, face,

and neck.

Unstriated Muscle (Smooth)

Has the shape of a

spindle, and has one

nucleus, has no

striations.

Unstriated Muscle (Smooth)

It moves food down the

esophagus, stomach,

and through the

intestines.

Unstriated Muscle (Smooth)

- Found in alimentary

canal, eye, urinary

bladder, and bronchi of the lungs

- It is an involuntary

muscle.

Cardiac muscle

- Branched muscle,

cylindrical in shape with a

single nucleus.

Cardiac muscle

- Its contraction and

relaxation produce

heartbeats which force

blood to circulate.

Cardiac muscle

- It is an involuntary

muscle.

- Found in heart

Neuron

- A nerve cell which is the building block of the

nervous system.

Neuron

- It specializes in receiving, processing, and

transmitting information throughout the

body.

Glial Cell (Neuroglia)

- Surrounds neurons and holds them in place,

supplies nutrients and oxygen to neurons,

insulates one neuron from another, destroys

pathogens and dead neurons

Neurons

receive, process, and send out

information to other parts of the body.

Neurons

The branchlike structures of dendrites and

axons facilitate the conduction of these

impulses

Muscle cells

make physical movement of

organs and body parts possible.

Muscle cells

Their banded muscle fibers give the cell

strength.

Muscle cells

They are flexible and elastic which allow the

contraction and relaxation of muscles.

Sperm Cells

They are specialized for human

reproduction.

nucleus and tail.

The prominent parts of a sperm cell are the

tail

allows the sperm cell to be mobile

and vigorous in swimming through the

vaginal canal.

female egg cell.

Its prominent head allows it to penetrate the

_______

Ovum Cells

- They are the female reproductive cells.

main body

The prominent part of an egg cell is its ________ which is significantly larger than sperm

cells.

corona radiata

An egg cell is covered by ____________

which are layers of follicle cells that supply

vital proteins to the egg cell

Red blood cells,

transport oxygen to body

tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the

lungs.

red blood cell

has a bi-concave shape

which gives it a larger surface area for gas

exchange. (also adds to its flexibility, enabling

the blood to pass through narrow capillary

vessel)

White Blood Cells

- identify and destroy pathogens.

- They have granules which engulf and digest

bacteria.

Microvilli

are finger-like projections in the

intestinal wall which increase the intestines

surface area, and thus increase the

intestines' absorptive capacity

Ciliated epithelial cells

have hair-like

projections that allow the cell to push mucus

forward into the nasal tract to clear the

passageway of the respiratory tract