Unit 3 Psych Exam Review

The Self and Clinical Psychology

Mead

Mead

famous for the i self and me self theory

i self

our true self formed through relationships with parents family and close friends

me self

our other self public guided by the rules and expectations of the different roles we play

agents of socialization

a person or institution that shapes a person’s development

resocialization

the deliberate attempt by society to replace negative personality behaviours with new learnings

primary agent of socialization

family

two biggest agents of socialization

peers and media

charles cooley

american sociologist developed the looking glass self theory

the looking glass self

a self idea with three principle elements; the imagination of our appearance to the other person, the imagination of the other persons judgment on that appearance, and self feeling like pride or mortification

three things erik erikson argued

the challenge and struggle for teenagers to develop an identity is based on individuality

developing individuality is dependent on having an identity crisis

the individuality develops out of the storm of the identity crisis

human genome project

a worldwide research project by the US department of energy and the national institutes of health, aimed to identify the location and function of all human genes

results of human genome project

successfully identified all 3 billion dna subunits.

determined that humans share 99.9% of the same structural units of dna

we do not believe our personalities and behaviour are 100% dependent on genes

neurotic disorder

mental illness characterized by abnormal thoughts, emotions and/or behaviour that pose challenges to daily living but do NOT prevent the individual from coping with daily life and functioning

psychotic disorder

severe mental disorders in which a person experiences a break from reality and is unable to lead a normal life and cope socially, emotionally, academically, or in daily living without treatment

hereditary/nature

physical characteristics and aspects of personality and behaviour that are part of your genetic structure, you inherit them genetically from your relatives

environment/nurture

factors in your social environment that influence your personality and development

phobias

anxiety about a certain object, activity, or situation

neurotic because they may cause high levels of anxiety and tension but do not interfere with daily living

phobia symptoms

elevated heart rate, sweaty palms, feelings of anxiousness or fear

phobia treatment

exposure/ shock therapy - gradually confronting the fear

relaxation techniques - deep breathing or meditation

counter conditioning - creating a new response to fear

ptsd

a type of anxiety disorder whereby a person relives a traumatic event through recurrent episodes

ptsd symptoms

general symptoms; severe anxiety, difficulty breathing or focusing, blurred vision

specific symptoms; intrusive memories, avoidance, negative changes in thinking and mood, changes in physical and emotional reaction

ptsd treatment

cognitive behavioural or processing therapy

exposure therapy - imagine the event in detail, repeat until stress is reduced

virtual therapy - new treatment, enter a 3d simulation of the event while talking with a psychiatrist

obsessive compulsive disorder

a neurotic mental health disorder characterized by a repeated cycle of obsessions and compulsions

ocd treatment

more difficult to treat

biomedical - prescription meds to activate serotonin

cognitive behavioural therapy

expose patient to triggers to reduce their compulsions

manic depression

psychoses, a mood disorder characterized by two polarizing dispositions; extreme highs the manic episode, extreme lows the depression episode

bi polar 1

at least one manic episode and sometimes a depressive

severe mania and often depression

bi polar 2

multiple depressive episodes involves hypomania

manic episode symptoms

Excessive euphoria, happiness, optimism

Inflated self-esteem

Hyperactivity and spontaneity

Lack of sleep (even days)

Rapid speech and tangent discussions.

Likely engagement in risky behaviour

depressive episode symptoms

feelings of hopelessness, despair, gloom, insomnia, inability to master the environment, eating disorder

extreme fatigue, sadness, personal guilt, irritability, anxiety

biomedical treatment for bpd

anti depressants

can stabilize emotional state and reduce symptoms

does not resolve the cause, risk of addiction

therapeutic treatment for bpd

psychoanalytic or CBT - prolong a period of normalcy

routine management - establish and maintain a regular routine

schizophrenia

least common but most serious psychoses, involves a breakdown in perception and thought process

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

presence of symptoms, indicative of losing touch with reality, hallucinations, delusions, movement disruptions

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

things that stop happening, flat effect, reduced feeling of pleasure and speaking, difficulty beginning or sustaining activities

cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

subtle severe changes to memory, poor executive functioning, trouble focusing, problems with working memory

schizophrenia treatment

antipsychotics - medications

psychosocial - meeting with a doctor to develop coping skills

coordinated specialty care - meds, psychosocial therapies, family involvement

paranoid schizophrenia

hallucinations and delusions, feelings of persecution conspiracy suspicion lack of trust and grandeur, most common form of schizophrenia

hebephrenic schizophrenia

disorganization of cognitive process, disorganized emotion, impairment in communication, daily routine can be lost, appears emotionally unstable or giddy

catatonic schizophrenia

significant impairment in physical movement

motionless stupor, hyperactivity, a wavy flexibility, parrot behaviour

undifferentiated schizophrenia

symptoms are not prominent enough to be classified into one form

also known as mixed clinical syndrome

symptoms may fluctuate and change over time

residual schizophrenia

lessening of symptoms, when the patient no longer displays prominent symptoms

Linger symptoms may remain

Periods of new active-phase psychosis that continue throughout the remainder of patients' lives

anti social personality disorder

rare psychotic disorder known as sociopathy

aspd symptoms

pathological lying

taking pleasure in causing pain to others

lack of guilt or remorse over one’s actions

inability to feel empathy - most common in serial killers

aspd treatment

challenging to treat,

biomedical; some prescription drugs can curb symptoms such as aggression; but do NOT remove the inclination to harm others