Chapter Notes - LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT

Rhythmicity or Regularity

Rhythmicity or Regularity

Is the child predictable or unpredictable regarding sleeping, eating, and elimination patterns?

Mood Quality

Is the child normally happy and pleasant, or unhappy and unpleasant?

Distractibility

Is the child's attention easily diverted from a task by eternal stimuli?

Persistence and Attention Span

Persistence - How long will the child continue at an activity despite difficulty or interruptions?

Attention Span - For how long a period of time can the child maintain interest in an activity.

Goodness of fit

Their styles match and communication and interaction can flow

Secure Base

parental presence that gives the infant/toddler a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings

Working Models

Cognitive representations of the world

Secure Attachment (type B)

Most common type of attachment
Considered the healthiest

Secure Attachment (type B)

Ex.) In this type of attachment: The toddler prefers their parent over a stranger

Caregivers must be responsive to a child's...?

Needs -
Physical
Social
Emotional

Avoidant Attachment (Type A): Marked by insecurity

The child is unresponsive to the parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves

Avoidant Attachment (type A) Example

The toddler reacts to the parent the same way they react to a stranger.

Resistant Attachment (type C): Insecure-resistant/ambivalent

Children tend to show clingy behavior, but then reject the attachment figure's attempts to interact with the.

Resistant Attachment (type C) Example -

These children do not explore the toys in the room, appearing too fearful

Disorganized Attachment (type D)

Represents the most insecure style of attachment when the child is given mixed, confused, and inappropriate responses from the caregiver.

Disorganized Attachment (type D) Example:

Seen most often in kids who have been abused or severely neglected.

What are 2 cultural variations in parenting?

1. Proximal
2. Distal

Proximal Style of Parenting

Lots of body contact and physical stimulation

Distal Style of Parenting

A greater focus on face-to-face context and playing with objects

Colostrum

The milk produced during pregnancy and just after birth

Colostrum is..?

Packed with nutrients and other important substances that help the infant build up his on her immune system

Milk Anemia

a condition in which milk consumption leads to a lack of iron in the diet

Infantile Marasmus

starvation due to a lack of calories and protein

Kwashiorkor

Disease of the displaced child

Kwashiorkor

Loss of appetite and swelling of the abdomen as the body begins to break down the vital organs as a source of protein.

Immigrant Paradox

Immigrants are more likely to have a lower SES, one might expect their children less likely to be breastfeed and more likely to be breastfed and more likely to experience negative outcomes.

Sensation

The interaction of information with the sensory receptors.

Perception

The process of interpreting what is sensed

Circumcised

The surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

Newborns who are circumcised...

Without anesthesia experience pain, as demonstrated by increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased oxygen in the blood, and a surge of stress hormones.

The womb is a.......

Dark environment void of visual stimulation

Temperament

An inborn quality noticeable soon after birth.

Temperament Is not...?

The same as personality but may lead to personality differences.

Temperament is...

Genetic

What are the 9 dimensions of temperament?

1. Activity Level
2. Rhythmicity or Regularity
3.Approach-Withdrawl
4. Adaptability
5. Responsiveness
6. Reaction Intensity
7. Mood Quality
8. Distractibility
9. Persistence and Attention Span

Activity Level

Does the child display mostly active or inactive states?

Approach-Withdrawl

Does the child react or respond positively or negatively to a newly encounter situation?

Adaptability

Does the child adjust to unfamiliar circumstances easily or with difficulty?

Responsiveness

Does it take a small or large amount of stimulation to elicit a response (e.g., laughter, fear, pain) from the child?

Reaction Intensity

Does the child show low or high energy when reacting to stimuli?

Vision is.....

The most poorly developed sense at birth.

Newborns typically can not see further than,

8 to 16 inches away from their faces, have difficulty keeping a moving object with their gaze.

Newborns can detect

Contrast more than color difference.