Blood and cardiovascular

Small holes in the base of the aorta leading to coronary arteries

Aortic sinuses

Smallest arteries having six or less layers of smooth muscle

Arterioles

Only artery capable of vasoconstriction and vasodilation

arterioles

Using a stethoscope to listen to heart valve sounds

Auscultation

Inferior scalloped border of the atria

Auricle

Branched, striated cells with 1 (or 2) central nucleus

Cardiac muscle cells

Twisting, spiral pattern of the heart’s cardiac muscle cells

Functional syncytium

spiral arrangement of cardiac myocytes in the heart

cardiac vortex

Thickest layer of the heart with cardiac muscle cells

Myocardium

Endothelium lining the internal heart chambers

Endocardium

In heart wall, simple squamous epithelium, fat, connective tissue

Epicardium

Outer serous pericardium, attached to the fibrous layer

Parietal layer

Outer tough tissue connective, anchors & protects heart

Fibrous pericardium

film of serous fluid between layers of pericardium

pericardial cavity

sac membrane which encloses heart

pericardium

Inner serous pericardium layer, aka epicardium

Visceral layer

Circulation where deoxygenated blood from the heart is sent to the lungs to pick up O2

Pulmonary circulation

Circulation where oxygenated blood from the heart is pumped to the rest of the body

Systemic circulation

what side of the heart recieves deoxygenated blood?

right side

what side of the heart sends off oxygenated blood?

left side

Thoracic region b/w the lungs housing heart & major vessels

Mediastinum

Outer connective tissue that anchors a blood vessel

Tunica externa

Innermost endothelium layer common to both arteries & veins

Tunica intima

Circularly arranged smooth muscle in wall of blood vessel

Tunica media

Sympathetic NS causes lumen to decrease, BP to increase

vasoconstriction

Parasympathetic NS causes lumen to increase, BP to decrease

vasodilation

Oxygenated blood delivered to the myocardium

Coronary circulation

Blood vessel with large lumen, thin media and thick externa

Veins

Large arteries with elastin in all three tunics

Elastic arteries

Arteries of moderate size having an IEL (internal elastic lamina) & EEL (external elastic lamina), sandwiches tunica media

Muscular arteries

Specialized tight junctions between cardiac cells

Intercalated discs

what are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood?

pulmonary veins

what are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood?

pulmonary arteries

rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricle of the heart

trabeculae carnae

strong, fibrous connections between the valve leaflets and the papillary muscles, prevent the cusps from swinging back into the atrial cavity during systole.

chordae tendineae

supplies blood to the left head & neck

left common carotid artery

supplies blood to the left upper limb

left subclavian artery

supplies blood to the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and both lower limbs

descending aorta

supplies blood to the right head and neck

right common carotid artery

supplies blood to the right upper limb

right subclavian artery

smallest blood vessels, longest length, walls only tunica media

capillaries

only blood vessel with thin enough walls for metabolic exchange within tissues

capillaries

complete walls, no gaps in capillary

continuous

small holes to permit fluid movement in capillary

fenestrated

large gaps to allow large molecules to move in capillary

sinusoidal

what type of capillary is found in skin, lungs and muscles?

continuous

what type of capillary is found in the kidney and small intestine?

fenestrated

what type of capillary is found in the liver and spleen?

sinusoidal

smallest veins emerging from capillaries

venules

largest vessels on venous side, possesses valves to prevent backflow

veins

major head artery that supplies blood to the head and neck

external carotid artery

supplies the anterior circulation of the brain with blood

internal carotid artery

the joining area of several arteries at the bottom (inferior) side of the brain

circle of willis

artery in the neck that branches from the subclavian arteries, and supply blood to the brain and spine

vertebral arteries

type of artery that includes the aorta, carotids, and pulmonary arteries

elastic

what type of artery has elastin in 2 distinct layers?

muscular (elastic has elastin in all 3!)

what artery types is capable of vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

arterioles

where are continous capillaries located?

skin, lungs, muscles

where are fenestrated capillaries located?

kidney, small intestine

where are sinusoidal capillaries located?

liver, spleen

what capillary types has large gaps that allow large molecules to move?

sinusoidal

what capillary types has small holes that allow fluid movement?

fenestrated

what capillary types has no holes and are the most common?

continuous

what artery supplies the orbit and 80% of the cerebrum?

internal carotid artery

what artery supplies the neck, spinal cord, and brain?

vertebral arteries

what artery supplies most of the head?

external carotid artery

what delivers deoxyngenated blood to the heart?

vena cava

flow of blood through heart (14 terms)

vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary vein > left atrium > mitral/bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aorta > body tissues

what brings deoxygenated blood to lungs?

pulmonary artieries