Last minute stats people and events flashcards 1918-1929

Kaiser powers under 1871 constitution

Dismiss chancellors, dissolve Reichstag, declare martial law, control laws (Article 17)

Article 17

Kaiser prepares and executes laws

Reichstag’s main limitation

Could NOT propose or amend laws or remove chancellor

Bundesrat

Upper house with 58 representatives from states

Prussian dominance in Bundesrat

17/58 votes + 2/3 of territory

Kaiser in 1871

Wilhelm I

Wilhelm I death year

1888

Kaiser in 1888

Wilhelm II

Key feature of Wilhelm II

Wanted personal rule, unpredictable personality

Chancellor 1871–1890

Otto von Bismarck

Chancellor 1890–1894

Leo von Caprivi

Chancellor 1894–1900

Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst

Chancellor 1900–1909

Bernhard von Bülow

Chancellor 1909–1917

Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg

Germany unification year

1871

North German Confederation formation year

1867

Tariffs introduction year

1879

Kulturkampf years

1871–1878

Anti-Socialist Laws introduction year

1878

Bismarck resignation year

1890

Weltpolitik beginning year

1897

Daily Telegraph Affair year

1908

Zabern Affair year

1913

Catholic population in Germany

37%

Berlin population growth

1 million to 2 million

SPD membership by 1890

~1.5 million

Trade union membership by 1913

2.5 million

Railway length by 1913

63,000 km

Industrial growth rate

5% annually

Steel production increase

700%

German dyes production by 1914

75% of world supply

Army size by 1914

4 million men

Leader of Zentrum Party

Ludwig Windthorst

Leader of SPD (gradual socialism)

August Bebel

Introduced May Laws

Adalbert Falk

Leader of trade unions

Carl Legien

Kaiser influencer (Camarilla)

Philipp zu Eulenburg

Zentrum formation year

1870

SPD formation year

1875

National Liberals formation year

1867

What did SPD represent?

Working class

What did Conservatives represent?

Junkers + elites

What was Kulturkampf?

Attack on Catholic Church by Bismarck

Year May Laws introduced

1873

Key result stat of Kulturkampf

1400/4600 parishes without priests

Outcome of Kulturkampf

Strengthened Zentrum

Year Reichsbank created

1876

1872 currency reform result

Introduced gold-backed mark

GDP change from 1871

Tripled

Industrial production change (1890–1914)

Tripled

Population by 1914

65 million

Wage increase

25%

Health insurance introduction year

1883

Accident insurance introduction year

1884

Pensions introduction year

1889

Germans covered by sickness insurance by 1914

15 million

What was the “Spirit of 1914”?

Initial unity and nationalism

German deaths in WW1

2 million

Wounded in WW1

4 million

Daily calorie intake by 1918

~1000 calories

Turnip Winter years

1916–17 famine

Year of hyperinflation

1923

Biggest losers of hyperinflation

Middle class, pensioners

Who benefited from hyperinflation?

Debtors, farmers

Key effect of hyperinflation

Radicalisation + extremism

Largest party by 1912

SPD

Approximate voting percentage for SPD

1 in 3 Germans

What was Sammlungspolitik?

“Rallying together” politics

What was Weltpolitik?

Expansionist foreign policy