Untitled Flashcards Set

Growth Hormone Deficiency

Hallmark signs include height <3rd percentile, slow growth after 1 year, youthful face, delayed puberty, high-pitched voice.

Somatropin (GH) dosage

0.2–0.3 mg/kg/week, administered SubQ at bedtime.

Precocious Puberty

Early puberty occurring before age 8 in girls or 9 in boys.

Treatment for Central Precocious Puberty

Leuprolide (0.2–0.3 mg/kg IM monthly), suppresses LH/FSH.

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) lab findings

↑ Na+, ↓ specific gravity; treated with Desmopressin (DDAVP).

Complications of excessive DDAVP

Water intoxication, hyponatremia leading to seizures.

SIADH electrolyte imbalance

Hypoatremia (<125); managed with fluid restriction, seizure precautions, 3% saline if severe.

Classic triad of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia.

DKA priority treatments

IV NS bolus, IV insulin (0.1 u/kg/hr), add D5 when glucose <250.

Signs of cerebral edema in DKA

↓ LOC, HA, vomiting, bradycardia, pupil changes.

First-line oral medication for Type 2 Diabetes in kids

Metformin – start at 500 mg PO BID, titrate up.

15/15 rule for hypoglycemia

15g carbohydrate → wait 15 min → recheck glucose.

Treatment for unconscious hypoglycemic child

Glucagon IM: 0.5 mg if

Treatment for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

Hydrocortisone + Fludrocortisone + Na+ supplements.

Electrolyte pattern in CAH salt-wasting crisis

Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.

Early signs of Congenital Hypothyroidism

Constipation, hoarse cry, large fontanel, dry skin, umbilical hernia, macroglossia.

Synthroid dose for congenital hypothyroidism

10–15 mcg/kg/day PO, crush and mix with formula (not soy).

Medication for Hyperthyroidism

Methimazole – risk of agranulocytosis (sore throat, fever).

Emergency complication of Graves’ Disease

Thyroid storm: high fever, HTN, tachycardia, confusion.

Key features of Turner Syndrome

Webbed neck, wide-spaced nipples, short stature, delayed puberty, coarctation of aorta.

Classic signs of Klinefelter Syndrome

Tall male, small testes, gynecomastia, learning issues, XXY karyotype.

Lifelong intervention for PKU

Low-phenylalanine diet – no meat, dairy, eggs, or aspartame.

Classic smell in PKU

Musty body/urine odor.

Newborn screening test for PKU

Guthrie test, done 24–48 hrs after first feeding.