Psychology Unit 0

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63 Terms

1

psychology

scientific study of mental processes and behavior

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2

confirmation bias

interprets or remembers information that confirms what they believe

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3

hindsight bias

people believe they knew something was going to happen after it occurred

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4

overconfidence

when people have too much faith in judgments and abilities

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5

empirical evidence

info obtained through observation experimentation, or measurement

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6

scientific method

systematic approach used to study human behavior and mental process

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7

hypothesis

specific testable predication or educated guess

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8

falsifiable

a statement that can be potentially proven false through experimentation

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9

peer review

process where experts evaluate a research study

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10

replication

process of repeating a study to find if its consistent

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11

reliability

produces consistent results

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12

validity

accurately measures what it intends to measure

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13

research design

plan of how you will construct your research

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14

methodology

systematic procedures and techniques used to conduct research withing specific research

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15

quantitative data

numbers based information gathered from experiment

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16

qualitative data

insight into complex topics

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17

likert scale

used in surveys to asses attitudes, opinions, or perspectives

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18

structured interviews

research method with predetermined questions that are asked to everyone

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19

survey technique

psychology used to data from a sample of individuals through self-reporting

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20

wording effect

subtle changes in wording of question can influence responses

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21

social desirability bias

tendency of individuals to respond in order to be favored by others

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22

naturalistic observation

researchers observe behavior in real-world without person knowing

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23

case study

involves in-depth examination of single individual, group of phenomenon

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24

correlational research

used to examine relationships, no manipulation

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25

third variable problem

possibility that 3rd unmeasured variable may be influencing relationship

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26

scatter plot

visual representation used in correlational research to display relationship

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27

correlation coefficient

used to quantify the strength and direction of relationship

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28

no correlation

r=0, no relationship

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29

positive correlation

variable increase or decrease consistently

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30

negative correlation

as one increases the other decreases

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31

experimental method

used to investigate cause and effect relationship between variables

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32

confounding variable

variable that was not accounted for

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33

operational definition

specifies how research will be measured

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34

placebo effect

people change behavior because they think they are in the experiment

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35

experimental bias

researcher’s expectations or beliefs influence the results

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36

single-blind study

participants are unaware of whether they belong to experimental group

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37

double-blind study

researchers and participants don’t know which group is which

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38

sample

subset of individuals that represent population

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39

representative sample

sample reflects population different demographics

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40

random sample

any participant has ability to be included

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41

sample bias

sample is not representative of whole population

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42

generalizability

research findings can be applied to the general popul

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43

descriptive statistics

used to summarize and describe characteristics of dataset

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44

inferential statistic

using data to make inferences or predictions about the larger population

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45
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46

measures of central tendency

mean, median, mode

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47

bell curve

majority of the data fall in the center

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48

regression to mean

extreme scores get closer to average when measured again

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49

positive skew

majority of data is on left, tail is toward the positive or right

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50

negative skew

majority of data is on the right, tail is toward negative or left

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51

standard deviation

how far apart your numbers are

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52

percentile rank

indicates the percentage of score distrubution

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53

bimodal

two peaks

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54

statistical significance

likelihood that observed results are not due to change

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55

meta analysis

multiple research studies on the same topic to draw conclusions

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56

protect participants from harm

obligation of researchers to minimize risk and ensure well-being of participants

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57

informed consent

individuals agree to participate in study

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58

informed assent

involving children or people who have limited decision making skills

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59

confidentiality

researchers handle sensitive data and personal information

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60

deception

misleading participant about true purpose of study

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61

confederates

individuals who are part of research study but aware of purpose

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62

debriefing

providing comprehensive information about the purpose of study

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63
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