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Chemical bond
Two or more elements combine to form compounds, driven by the need for atoms to become stable.
Ionic bond
Bond between metals and nonmetals of opposite charges where electrons are transferred, forming an ionic compound.
Covalent bond
Bond between nonmetals where electron pairs are shared, forming a molecule.
Metallic bond
Bond between metal cations and delocalized electrons, creating a "sea of electrons" and strong metallic bonds.
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Three states of matter with distinct properties like volume, shape, and particle motion.
Ionic compounds
Held together by electrostatic forces, conduct electricity when melted/dissolved, and have high melting points.
Small molecules
Have weak intermolecular forces, lower boiling points, and do not conduct electricity.
Polymers
Large covalently bonded molecules with higher melting points than small molecules.
Giant covalent structures
Have high boiling and melting points due to strong bonds.
Metals and Alloys
Metals have high melting points, are malleable due to metallic bonding, while alloys combine different metals.
Metals as conductors
Good conductors of heat and electricity due to delocalized electrons.
Structure and bonding of carbon
Includes diamonds, graphite, graphene, and fullerenes with unique properties.
Nanoparticles
Particles 1-100 nm in size with various applications like catalysts, sensors, and cosmetics.
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