AQA GCSE Chemistry Topic 2: Bonding, Structure and the Properties of Matter Flashcards

Chemical bond

Two or more elements combine to form compounds, driven by the need for atoms to become stable.

Ionic bond

Bond between metals and nonmetals of opposite charges where electrons are transferred, forming an ionic compound.

Covalent bond

Bond between nonmetals where electron pairs are shared, forming a molecule.

Metallic bond

Bond between metal cations and delocalized electrons, creating a "sea of electrons" and strong metallic bonds.

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Three states of matter with distinct properties like volume, shape, and particle motion.

Ionic compounds

Held together by electrostatic forces, conduct electricity when melted/dissolved, and have high melting points.

Small molecules

Have weak intermolecular forces, lower boiling points, and do not conduct electricity.

Polymers

Large covalently bonded molecules with higher melting points than small molecules.

Giant covalent structures

Have high boiling and melting points due to strong bonds.

Metals and Alloys

Metals have high melting points, are malleable due to metallic bonding, while alloys combine different metals.

Metals as conductors

Good conductors of heat and electricity due to delocalized electrons.

Structure and bonding of carbon

Includes diamonds, graphite, graphene, and fullerenes with unique properties.

Nanoparticles

Particles 1-100 nm in size with various applications like catalysts, sensors, and cosmetics.