Biology Unit 4 updated

studied byStudied by 7 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

homeostasis

1 / 40

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Biology

10th

41 Terms

1

homeostasis

when the body maintains equilibrium

  • production of organisms is vital for maintaining homeostasis

  • the maintenance of homeostasis is essential for life

New cards
2

control center

part of the body that processes information from the receptor and sends a response to the effector

New cards
3

effector

an organ that carries out the response to a nerve impulse

New cards
4

endocrine system

the biological systems that consists of groups of glands responsible to the secretion of hormones

New cards
5

testosterone

a chemical substances secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream that controls or regulates specific physiological processes

New cards
6

hypothalamus

the portion of the brain below the thalamus and above the brainstem

New cards
7

internal feedback mechanism

an evolved response to a change in homeostasis; occurs when one level of a substance stimulates a response in another substance or organ system

New cards
8

negative feedback

a control mechanism in which a change in the body triggers a response that counteracts the change

  • stops the stimulus

  • ex. the baby sitting in the stomach for 9 months

  • ex. lowering body temperature from original state

New cards
9

types of passive transport

  • diffusion: movement of a solute through a solvent

  • facilitated diffusion: the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient

  • osmosis: the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules

New cards
10

concentration gradient

change in one concentration to another

New cards
11

diffusion

  • movement of a solute through a solvent

  • requires membrane proteins

New cards
12

osmosis

is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules

New cards
13
  • facilitated diffusion

  • the passive movement of molecules along the concentration gradient

  • plasma membranes

New cards
14

active transport

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by released energy.

  • diffusion

New cards
15

passive transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane down their concentration gradients, which does not require energy.

  • facilitated diffusion

New cards
16

positive feedback loops

encourages the stimulus

  • ex. having the baby

New cards
17

plasma membrane

a semipermeable because it acts as a gatekeeper for the cell

  • large molecules can only pass through if energy is used

  • Small nonpolar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse into and out of the cell through the plasma membrane easily.

  • Polar molecules, or ions such as sodium, cannot diffuse through the membrane without help.

New cards
18

osmosis

Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

New cards
19

ATP

The primary molecule used by cells to store \n chemical energy for use in cellular processes.

  • is used for many jobs to supply cellular energy

New cards
20

maintaining homeostasis

  1. receptors (collects information about the body)

  2. control center (receives signals from receptors)

  3. effectors ( communicates with control center to put the mechanism in effect)

New cards
21

cellular respiration

The process by which cells convert chemical energy \n stored in various compounds, such as sugars, into useful \n energy for cellular processes

New cards
22

glucose

A monosaccharide sugar, C6H12O6

New cards
23

glycosis

The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate to produce ATP and NADH

  • the first step in both cellular respiration and fermentation

  • anaerobic step

  • creates 2 ATP

New cards
24

krebs cycle

A part of aerobic respiration that uses the products of glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation to generate ATP and NADH for oxidative phosphorylation

New cards
25

light-dependant reactions

The set of reactions in photosynthesis in which \n chlorophyll absorbs light energy to make ATP and \n NADPH

New cards
26

aerobic

requiring oxygen

2 step process: krebs cycle then \n Electron transport chain

New cards
27

krebs cycle steps (aerobic)

  1. The two pyruvic acid molecules formed during glycolysis move into the mitochondria, where they initiate a series of enzymatic reactions that release electrons and hydrogen ions, and produce carbon dioxide and two molecules of ATP.

  2. The carbon dioxide diffuses out of the \n mitochondria.

  3. The electrons and hydrogen ions are carried to the electron transport chain on NADH (a carrier protein molecule similar to NADPH).

New cards
28

\n Electron transport chain steps (aerobic)

  1. Products from the Krebs cycle move across the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

  2. electrons are shuttled back and forth across the inner \n mitochondrial membrane as part of this process.

  3. the enzyme ATP synthase adds phosphate to ADP, making 2 ATP molecules per glucose

New cards
29

aerobic respiration

produces 34 ATP

New cards
30

products of photosynthesis

glucose and oxygen

New cards
31

reactants of photosynthesis

carbon dioxide and water

New cards
32

anaerobic

doesn’t require oxygen

New cards
33

glycolysis without oxygen

In a low-oxygen environment, pyruvic acid can be turned into lactic acid as an alternate pathway for making small amounts of ATP.

New cards
34

light dependant and light independent combined reactions

produces equation for photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + (light energy) → C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

New cards
35

polar

an uneven partial charge distribution between the atoms.

New cards
36

non polar

molecules like lipids have an even distribution of charge

New cards
37

need more help?

read kendricks stemscopedia Homeostasis , Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration.pdf, transport, Plasma Membrane and Movement of Materials.pdf

New cards
38

hypertonic solutions

the water concentration outside of the cell is lower than the concentration inside the cell and eventually will become dehydrated

New cards
39

hypotonic solutions

the water concentration outside of the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell. Water molecules will flood into the cell, and it will swell.

New cards
40

single celled organisms maintaining homeostasis

using a special vacuole to actively pump excess water out through the plasma membrane.

New cards
41

animal celled organisms maintaining homeostasis

uses tissues and organs like kidneys to \n maintain the body’s water concentration outside the body cells.

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 16 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 26 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 15 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 50 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(4)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard60 terms
studied byStudied by 16 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard40 terms
studied byStudied by 50 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard36 terms
studied byStudied by 26 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard78 terms
studied byStudied by 373 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard80 terms
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard26 terms
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard119 terms
studied byStudied by 16 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard46 terms
studied byStudied by 102 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)