Biomolecules

Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which produces such units on hydrolysis

Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which produces such units on hydrolysis

carbohydrates

ribose is which type of carbohydrate

monosaccharides

maltose is which type of carbohydrate

oligosaccharides

gums is which type of carbohydrate

polysaccharide

which type of carbohydrate is reducing sugar without any exception

monosaccharide

sucrose on boiling with dil HCl or H₂SO₄ in alcoholic solution gives

fructose and glucose

commercial production of glucose is done by

hydrolysis of starch by boiling it with dil H₂SO₄ at 393K under pressure

non-sweet carbohydrates are called

polysaccharide

glucose is a _____ type of monosaccharide

aldohexose

glucose aka

dextrose

polymeric starch and cellulose have a monomeric unit of

glucose

when glucose is heated with HI which attribute of glucose is proved

6 carbon straight chain

glucose on reaction with NH₂OH , which attribute of glucose is proved

presence of C=O bond

glucose on reaction with Br₂ water which attribute of glucose is proved

presence of -CHO group

Acetylation of glucose with acetic anhydride, which attribute of glucose is proved

presence of 5 -OH groups

oxidation of glucose with HNO₃ proves which attribute of glucose

presence of primary alcohol

glucose doesn’t give _____ test and ____

schiff’s and hydrogen sulphite addition product

the pentaacetate of glucose doesn’t react with hydroxylamine, which proves which attribute of glucose

absence of free -CHO group

glucose is found to exist in two forms in crystalline form

α and β

the two cyclic hemiacetal form of glucose differ only in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at C1 called

anomeric carbon

the six membered cyclic structure of glucose is called _____ structure

pyranose

fructose is a _____ type of monosaccharide

ketohexose

which monosaccharide is found in fruits, honey, vegetable and its used in sweetener

fructose

five membered cyclic ring of fructose is called

furanose

the cyclic structure of two anomers of fructose are represented by

haworth structure

in sucrose the monosaccharide unit is linked by

C₁ of α -D- glucose and C₂ of β-D-fructose

in maltose the monosaccharide unit is linked by

C₁ of α-D-glucose and C₄ of α-D-glucose

the free aldehyde of maltose can be produced at C₁ of ___ glucose in solution

2nd

in lactose the monosaccharide unit is linked by

C₁ of β-D-galactose and, C₄ of β-D-glucose

starch is composed of two main component

amylopectin and amylose

which component of starch is present 15-20%

amylose

which component of starch present 80-85%

amylopectin

it is a long unbranched chain with 200-1000 α-D-glucose unit held together by C₁-C₄ glycosidic linkage

amylose

it is a branched chain polymer of α-D-glucose units in which the chain is formed by C₁-C₄ glycosidic linkage whereas branching occurs by C₁-C₆ glycosidic linkage

amylopectin

cellulose is a ____ polysaccharide

straight chain

cellulose is composed of

C₁ of β-D-glucose and C₄ of β-D-glucose

Structure of glycogen is similar to

amylopectin

glycogen is found in which parts of the body

muscles, liver, brain

which organism has glycogen apart from animals

fungi and yeast

branched polysaccharide

starch and glycogen

unbranched polysaccharide

cellulose

all proteins are polymer of

α-amino acid

only ____ are obtained on hydrolysis of proteins

α-amino acid

sweet tasting amino acid

glycine

amino acid obtained from cheese

tyrosine

zwitter ion shows

Amphoteric behaviour

except ____ all other amino acids are optically active

glycine

tripeptide will have ___ amino acid

3

tripeptide will have ___ peptide bond

2

no. of amino acid is ore than 10 its called

polypeptide

no. of amino acid is more than hundred and molecular mass is higher than 10,000u

protein

no of amino acid in insulin

51

no of essential amino acid

10

proteins can be classified based on their molecular shape

fibrous and globular

keratin and myosin

fibrous protein

which type of proteins are usually water soluble

globular

secondary structure of protein can be of two type

α-helix and β-pleated sheet

α-helix is formed by twisting itself in a

right handed helix

tertiary structure gives rise to major shapes

fibrous and globular

the main force which stabilises 2^o and 3^o structure

hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, disulphide linkage, van der waals

protein found in biological system with a unique three dimensional structure and biological activity

native protein

during denaturation which type of protein remains intact

primary protein

water soluble component of cellulose

amylose

almost all enzymes are ______ protein

globular

acid hydrolysis of sucrose can be done with the enzyme

sucrase

organic compounds required in the diet in small quantities to perform specific biological functions for normal maintenance of optimum growth and health of the organism

vitamins

Vit A, D, E, K are

fat soluble

Vit B and C

water soluble

xerophthalmia

deficiency of vit A

beri beri, loss of appetite, retarded growth is due to deficiency of

vit B₁

thiamine aka

vit B₁

cheilosis( fissure at corner of mouth, and lips), digestive disorder, and burning sensation is due to deficiency of

vit B₂

riboflavin aka

vit B₂

convulsions is due to deficiency of

vit B₆

pyridoxine aka

vit B₆

pernicious anaemia(RBC deficient in haemoglobin) is due to deficiency of

vit B₁₂

scurvy is due to deficiency of

vit C

ascorbic acid aka

vit C

rickets, osteomalacia is due to deficiency of

vit D

increased fragility of RBC and muscular weakness

vit E

increased blood clotting time is due to deficiency of

vit K

the sugar moiety in DNA is

β-D-2-deoxyribose

the sugar moiety is RNA is

β-D-ribose

the double helix model is given by

james watson and francis crick

growth and ___ hormones helps in growth and development

sex hormones

thyroxine is produced by thyroid gland is an iodinated derivative of ____

tyrosine

addison’s disease is characterised by

hypoglycemia

addison’s disease is treated by

mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids

steroid hormone is produced by

gonads and adrenal cortex

hormone which modulates inflammatory reaction

glucocorticoids