bio

ecology

the study of interactions of organisms with each other and their physical surroundings

biosphere

where life exists

community

all organisms living in 1 ecosystem are called

weather

the day to day conditions of the earths atmosphere

climate

the average year to year conditions of temperature and precipitation

elevation, latitude, winds

climate can be influenced by

the angle of which the sunlight hits the earth

what is a major factor of climate

winds and ocean currents

unequal heating and cooling drives what?

CO2, methane, and water vapor

what are the greenhouse gasses

energy flows, but it is not recycled

energy ____, but it is not _______

nutrients can be recycled , but energy cannot

_______ can be ______ , but ______ cannot

producers

what captures energy from the sun

primary consumers

who feeds on the producers

secondary consumers

who feeds on the primary consumers

tertiary consumers

who feeds on secondary consumers

Herbivore

animal that eats plants

Carnivore

animal that eats meat

Omnivore

animal that eats both plants and animals

derttivores

animals that eat dead organic matter

decomposers

animals that break down material by living on it

food web

what is the word for an independent food chain

biomass

the total mass of organisms at one trophic level

only 10% of energy gets passed onto the next trophic level when it happens

what is the 10% rule

biomagnification

the increase in concentration of a substance (pesticides) in the tissues of organisms at successfully higher levels in a food chain

ecological succession

what is the start of a new community called?

pioneer species

what do you call the organisms that begin to colonize areas that did not have living things before? (think of lichens)

biotic

living

abiotic

not living

keystone species

what is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem

a climax community

what do you call a stable collection of organisms in an area

tundra

northern most biome

little to no trees

what is the chaparral

has periodic fires

what is the taiga/boreal forest

mild summers, cold winters

has forests

what is the temperate deciduous forests

exp: east coast of us

major seasonal changes

winter can halt most plant regrowth (leaves falling off the trees)

soil enriched with hummus

temperate grasslands

hot summers, cold winters

found in the interior of most continents

think midwest america

savanna

has more variation of wet/dry seasons

less than 25 cm of rain per year

not much biodiversity

what are deserts

what are the tropical rainforests

have large biodiversity

soil is not nutritious

3%

how much of earth does freshwater cover

where light can hit

allows for the growth of phytoplankton and algae

what is a vertical zone

what is the intertidal zone

where the tide goes in and out

organisms cling to rocks or burrow in the sand

think barnacles

what is a neritic zone

extends from low tide to open sea

deep sea zone / benthic zone

near the bottom

high pressure

cold temp

NO sunlight

a lot of detrivores

what is chemosynthesis

organisms obtaining energy from chemical reactions instead of sunlight, allowing them to produce food

coral reefs are symbiotic with algae

coral reefs are ______ with algae

hard calcium corals

coral reefs contain _______

estuaries

boundaries of fresh and salt water

salt marshes

mangroves

exp of estuaries