East Asian Studies Final Exam

According to Keown, which of the following practices did the Buddha try and abandon before finding "the middle way"? Check all that apply.

no	Meditation
yes	Prayer
yes	Self-mortification
yes	Breath control
yes	Mendicacy

What does this image show?

The conception of the Buddha

Karma is a system of rewards and punishments meted out by the Buddha.

False

What is a bodhisattva?

An enlightened being who helps others attain enlightenment.

In Buddhist thought, in which sphere do humans fall (Keown)?

Sphere of Sense-desires

In which century did the Buddha live?

5th century BCE

Which of the following is NOT one of the "four signs," based on your reading by Keown?

Poverty

Which of the following are the "five elements" of Buddhism, according to Keown? (Check all five)

yes to all	moon
	water
	earth
	fire
	space
	wood
	metal
	sun
	air

Which of the following describes time in Buddhism and Christianity?

In Buddhism, time is cyclical. In Christianity, time is linear.

Where is Theravada Buddhism practiced today?

Southeast Asia

What was the "White Lotus Society" (based on your reading)?

a syncretic religious movement

The progression in the history of Buddhism from Theravada to Mahayana entailed

	A new emphasis on the modalities of enlightenment
	The bodhisattva replaced the arhat ideal
	The problem of duality between samsara and nirvana emerged
yes (mult. choice)	All of the above

Chinese Buddhism is unusual in that it did not develop monasteries.

False

According to Shaughnessy, "Graded revelation" in China was a process whereby ____________________.

Sutra were ranked

In Pure Land Buddhism, followers' main form of practice is _____________.

recitation

Tibetan Buddhism is a form of Theravada Buddhism.

False

Confucianists resented Buddhists in the Tang in part because _____________.

Buddhist temples were tax-exempt

Which of the following did Buddhism bring to China, according to Shaughnessy? Check all that apply.

yes	meditation techniques
yes	devotional and healing practices
yes	ideas of the afterlife
no	lay practitioners in place of clergy
yes	savior figures
yes	a central authorative text

The big problem with translating Buddhist terms from Sanskrit to Chinese was _____________.

the concepts in Sanskrit did not exist in Chinese

What is this a picture of?

A Tang monk who went to India

Which sutra has been the most influential in Japan?

The Lotus Sutra

How do people avail themselves of Amida's saving grace?

By invoking Amida's name.

Impermanence is a Buddhist idea.

True

Which of the following school of Buddhism is not found in Japan?

Shinto

Why has Nenbutsu (invocation of the Amida Buddha) been so popular?

It's practice allowed illiterate people to enter the Pure Land

Which of the following was influenced by Buddhism. (Check all that apply.)

yes to all	Painting
	Tea ceremony
	Japanese Christianity
	Food preparation

Which of the following best describes the "Six Schools of Nara Buddhism"?

Early divisions of Buddhist study that later faded

During the Nara Period, Buddhism ______________.

was largely confined to the aristocracy.

Zen Buddhism holds that one attains enlightenment through

Meditation

Which of the following sects originated in Japan?

no	Tendai
yes	Nichiren
no	Zen
yes	Pure Land

Sokkuram is a Buddhist cultural treasure, according to Sohn.

True

Koryo's Chinul who established the Chogye Order advocated ____________

that Buddha is in one's heart and that one is in fact Buddha himself

Which of the following is only found in Korea?

The Defense of Fatherland Buddhism

When did Buddhism experience suppression?

Chosun dynasty

Silla believed that the king was _________?

Buddha

When did the largest sect of Buddhism start, according to Sohn?

Koryo period

Wonhyo was only interested in converting the royal family, according to Sohn.

False

One reason that Buddhism was welcomed by the government was that _______________.

It was a way to control the masses.

During the Chosŏn Dynasty, Buddhism remained the dominant center of Korean intellectual life.

False

In the Three Kingdoms Period, royalty saw Buddhism as ______________. (Check all that apply)

yes to all	an enemy of the state
	a source of revenue
	offering supernatural protection
	a potential force for internal unification

Modern Chinese literature was influenced by Western ideas and literary forms.

True

The Book of Poetry is accompanied by _________________.

Commentaries

Which of the following fall into the category of "Philosophy" in classical Chinese literature (the "Four Treasuries")? Check all that apply.

yes to all	Geography
	Philosophical writers
	Encyclopedias
	Technical works
	Dynastic histories
	Private histories
	Document collections
	Art

"Summons of the Soul," the song for a shamanistic religious ritual from the state of Chu, uses both threats and enticements to lure the soul back.

True

Traditional Chinese theater is basically operatic in style, they include all of the following elements EXCEPT for

wrestling

Who are the companions of the Monk Xuanzang? Check all that apply.

yes	An ox
yes	A monk
yes	A goat
yes	A pig
no
no	A poet

According to your reading, traditional Chinese poetry varies in length.

True

Who is considered to be the greatest writer of lyrics (ci)?

A woman named Li Qingzhao

The "Four Treasuries" classification of traditional learning comprised____________.

Classics, History, Philosophy, Literary Collections

Modern Chinese literature is a continuation of traditional Chinese literature.

False

What was particularly notable about wood-block printing of literature in the Tokugawa?

Illustrations and text were mixed on the page

How many syllables does a waka poem have?

31

According to your reading, what is the difference in the tones of the Kojiki and the Nihon shoki?

The Kojiki is rougher and wilder

The norito in your reading tells us that _____________.

Izanami was burned giving birth to fire.

In what period did haiku emerge?

Tokugawa

In the lecture, Professor Fessler recites a poem from the Man'yoshu. It has a theme that later disappeared in Japanese poetry. What is that theme?

Death

What is a major theme in the plays of Chikamatsu Monzaemon?

The conflict between ethical and personal demands

Your reading contains an example of a "norito" from ancient Japan. What best describes this "norito"?

A story about the early gods

Which of the following are forms of Japanese theatre? Check all that apply.

yes to all	Waka
	Bunraku
	Kibyoshi
	Noh
	Kabuki

What genre appears in the medieval period that did not appear in the Heian Period, according to your reading?

Military tales

In what century did novels written in hangul begin to appear?

17th

Hyangga are the earliest poems in Korean literature. How many of them have survived to the present day?

A couple dozen

What is "Idu"?

A type of script

Unlike in Japanese Literature, in tradtional Korean Literature poetry plays a very small role.

False

What is the general tone of hyangga?

somber

Which of the following were ways in which hangul was described in its early days, according to your reading? Check all that apply.

yes to all	half letters
	low-class writing
	false letters
	women writing

What is Hyangchal?

An early phonetic script

The Koreans developed moveable type very early on. What prevented it from being widely used at first?

It was expensive to produce

The Samguk Sagi was written in hangul.

False

Based on your reading and the lecture, what type of literature is being recited in this picture?

Pansori

What is the linear structure of Chinese calligraphy?

Top to bottom; right to left

According to Shaughnessy, the two terms used most frequently in discussions of literati taste are _________________.

refined and vulgar

Based on your reading, which of the following types of calligraphy is best described as having lines of even thickness and well-defined spacing?

Seal script

Over the centuries, how did the iconography of Buddhist figures change in China, according to Shaughnessy (your reading)?

They became became plumper

According to your reading, the caves at Dunhuang are famous for their repository of what kind of art?

Buddhist

According to your reading, Beijing Opera (also known as Peking Opera), the most well-known form of Chinese drama, originated in which dynasty?

Qing

Traditional Chinese painting is most influenced by the ideas of which philosophical school?

Daoism

What was the preferred material for constructing buildings in pre-modern China?

Wood

Which of the following has been the primary writing tool in Chinese traditional culture?

The brush

According to your reading, how long was it after the Chinese learned to work jade that they mastered bronze casting?

2000 years

This Japanese box pictured here is made of ______________.

lacquer

Which of the following statements involving Chulmun and Mumun pottery (found in Korea) are TRUE?

yes	Mumun pottery may have indicated a shift towards a broader food strategy
no	Mumun pottery reflects a more refined and elegant sensibility than Chulmun pottery, which was thought to be rougher and more functional
yes	Chulmun pottery was similar to pottery found in China and Japan, whereas Mumun pottery was an original creation from the Korean peninsula
no	Chulmun pottery and Mumun pottery had flat bases
yes	Mumun pottery had a wider variety of shapes
yes	Mumun pottery was painted in vivid colors
yes	Mumun pottery had thicker walls
no	Chulmun pottery was used for purely aesthetic purposes whereas Mumun pottery was more functional
no	Mumun pottery was formed in a different manner than Chulmun pottery

Most of the Horyuji temple complex, pictured below, was modeled on continental architecture. What one aspect was different?

The buildings were not arranged in a line

The teacup above is an example of wabi/sabi aesthetic, in particular its emphasis on...

Imperfection

The white color of Chosŏn porcelain best reflects Confucian ideas of _____.

Purity

Korean landscape painting moved toward greater _____________ over the centuries.

realism

Art historians note that Unkei's (Japanese) portrait sculpture of Muchaku (pictured below) conveys what emotion through the eyes?

humour

The Kano school developed a novel style of painting that synthesized Chinese and indigenous painting styles, going on to become an almost official Japanese painting academy in the Heian period.

False

The painting here is an example of __________________ style.

blown roof

One distinct form of Japanese art was the emakimono, a scroll that combined text with pictures to tell...(Select all that apply)

no	The Tale of Genji
yes	Supernatural stories
yes	Religious tales
yes	War stories
yes	Folktales

What were the consequences of the Boxer Rebellion of 1900?  Which of the following does NOT apply?

The Communists would found the People's Republic of China 12 years later

When was Christianity banned in China?

Early 18th century

Who was the most instrumental disseminator of Chinese tales and images throughout Europe during the seventeenth century?

Athanasius Kircher, director of the Jesuit museum in Rome

What were the results of First Sino-Japanese War?  Which of the following does NOT apply?

Manchuria was ceded to Japan

According to the section on "Maritime Trade and Relations with European Nations" in your reading, which of the following were the main European traders from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries? Check all that apply.

yes to all	Dutch
	German
	Italian
	Portugese
	French
	English
	Spanish
	Hungarian

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of Zheng He's voyages?

To expand the Chinese empire militarily

In this French cartoon from the end of the nineteenth century, which country is NOT represented among those cutting up "China" as a big piece of pie?

Spain

What were two important aspects of the Jesuit mission in China? Check all that apply.

yes to all	they used science to impress the upper-class Chinese
	the information they sent back to Europe about China
	their role in the Opium War
	they had the Chinese using Latin

According to the Rites Controversy, what did the other Catholic orders (the non-Jesuit orders; the Franciscan and Domicans) object to and were eventually supported by the Pope? All of the following were objected to by the other Catholic orders, EXCEPT for

Accomodation of the rituals of Daoist priests (the Jesuits accepted the rituals of shamanistic Daoist priests)

Where did the opium that the British shipped to China come from?

India