10 - airport operations

initial ATC contact phraseology

• facility

• full craft ident

• position/location

• request

meanings of wilco, roger, affirmative, negative

• wilco - will comply

• roger - received and understood

• aff - yes

• neg - no

UNICOM

nongovernment facility that may provide information and advisories

cleared for takeoff/cleared to land light gun signal

steady green

stop (on ground) and give way/circle light gun

steady red

cleared to taxi and return for landing light gun

flashing green

taxi clear of landing area or airport unsafe do not land light gun

flashing red

return to starting point (in air) light gun

flashing white

use extreme caution light gun

alternating red/green

tower communication procedure when aircraft receiver is inoperative

1. transponder 7600

2. remain outside or above Class D

3. Determine flow of traffic

4. Advise twr of craft type, position, altitude, and intention to land

5. look out for light signals

6. 3-5 mi advise tower of position and join traffic pattern

tower communication procedure when transmitter is inop

1. transponder 7600

2. outside or above class D

3. determine flow of trafic

4. monitor freq for landing or traffic info

5. join pattern and watch for light gun

6. ack signals by rocking wings in day, flashing landing or nav lights at night

tower communication procedure when transmitter and receiver are inop

1. transponder 7600

2. determine flow of traffic

3. join pattern and watch for signals

4. ack as above

define aircraft incident

not accident that affects or could affect safety

define aircraft accident

when persons suffer death or serious injury, or aircraft is substantially damaged

define serious injury

• more than 48 hrs in hospital within 7 days from injury

• fracture of any bone besides toes, fingers, or nose

• severe hemorrhages, nerve, muscle, or tendon damage

• involve internal organ

• second or third degree burns over more than 5% body surface

define substantial damage

affects structural strength, performance, or flt characteristics

requires major repair or replacement

engine failure or damage

rules when operating at non-towered airports

• make all turns to the left in pattern unless markings show otherwise

• departing, comply with traffic patterns est in part 93

required action for converging confrontation between aircraft

aircraft on right has right-of-way

required action for approaching aircraft head on

both turn to right

required action for overtaking

overtaken plan has ROW, overtaking shall alter to right

right of way order for different craft catagories

BGAAR (Big R)

1. Baloons

2. Gliders

3. Airships

4. Aircrafts

5. Rotorcrafts

best condition for wake turbulence

Heavy, clean, and slow

procedure when wake vortices suspected (landing)

• landing on same runway - stay above final approach path, land beyond prior plane’s touchdown point

• landing on parallel runway - tay above final approach path, land beyond prior plane’s touchdown point

• landing behind on crossing runway - cross above its flight path

• landing behind departing aircraft on same runway - land well prior to rotation point

• landing on intersecting runway of departing aircraft - if rotate after X, continue, if before abort unless landing is assured before X

procedure when wake vortices suspected (departing)

• departing behind - rotate prior to other crafts rotation point, climb above others climb path until turning clear

• anything after a low approach, aborted, or touch and go - wait at least two minutes

• Enroute - avoid flying below large crafts, adjust upwind laterally