Anatomy and Physiology 1-Bone Practical

Dr. Dickson Cedarville University

Frontal bone

Frontal squama

Orbits

Supraorbital foramen

Parietal bone

Temporal bone

Temporal squama

upper part of the temporal bone

External auditory meatus/canal

Internal auditory meatus

Mastoid process

Styloid process

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Zygomatic arch

cheek bone

Mandibular fossa

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Occipital bone

Foramen magnum

Occipital condyles

articulate with first cervical vertebra

Ethmoid bone

Crista galli

Cribriform plate

Superior nasal concha/turbinate

Middle nasal concha/turbinate

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

part of the nasal septum

Sphenoid bone

Optic foramen/canal

opening located just anterior to sella turcica to allow optic nerves to pass from eyes to brain

Sella turcica

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

Coronal suture

between frontal and parietal bones

Sagittal suture

between the parietal bones

Lambdoid suture

between parietal bones and occipital bone

Squamous suture

Between parietal and temporal bones

Posterior fontanelle

junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures (closes by 2 months)

Anterior fontanelle

junction of the sagittal, coronal, and frontal sutures (closes by 2 years)

Paranasal sinuses

air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, located in the bones of the skull

Frontal sinuses

air cavities within the frontal bone that open into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity

Ethmoidal sinuses

honeycomb of small spaces contained in the ethmoid bone, located between the eyes

Sphenoidal sinuses

Central part of sphenoid bone is riddled with air cavities.

Maxillary sinuses

largest of the paranasal sinuses

Nasal bones

Lacrimal bones

Vomer

forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

Inferior nasal conchae

The lowermost scroll-shaped bones on the sidewalls of the nasal cavity.

Maxillae

the two fused bones forming the upper jaw

Hard palate

roof of the mouth

Palatine bones

form part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose (vertical and horizontal plates)

Zygomatic bones

known as the cheek bones, articulate with the frontal bone

Temporal process of the zygomatic bone

points posteriorly and articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Mandible

lower jaw

Body

Main part of the jaw bone, horizontal part, holds lower teeth

Mandibular condyle (condylar process)

articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the TMJ

Coroniod process

Ramus

Angle

where the body and ramus of the mandible meet

Mental foramina

Hyoid bone

does not articulate with any other bones

Vertebral column

Intervertebral discs

Annulus fibrosus

Nucleus pulposus

jelly-like center of the intervertebral disc which acts as a "shock absorber"

Herniation

an protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through a tear in the annulus fibrosus

Cervical curvature

concave curvature

Thoracic curvature

convex curvature

Lumbar curvature

concave curvature

Sacral curvature

convex curvature

Lordosis

abnormal curvature

Kyphosis

abnormal curvature

Scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Vertebra

Body

Vertebral arch

pedicle + lamina

Pedicle

Lamina

Intervertebral foramen

a "hole" when 2 vertebrae are stacked

Inferior vertebral notch

Superior vertebral notch

Superior articular process

Inferior articular process

Transverse process

Spinous process

Transverse foramina

C1 Atlas

lacks body and spinous process, allows head to nod

C2 Axis

has dens (odontoid process) for head rotation

Dens/odontoid process

AO (atlanto-occipital) joint

formed by the articulation of the superior articular facets of C1 and the occipital condyles

AA (atlanto-axial) joint

(B) a complex joint made up of three synovial joints, allowing mobile articulation of the spine

Pivot joint

Plane joint

Bifid spinous process

on cervical vertebrae C2-C6

Transverse costal facets

Demifacet

superior and inferior

Lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5

Cervical vertebrae

C1-C7

Sacrum

bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column

Sacral foramen

allow for spinal nerves to exit the spinal canal

Sacral promontory

Superior articular process

Superior articular facet

flat surface of the superior articular process

Sacral hiatus

inferior opening of the sacral canal

Coccyx

tailbone

Sternum