Science Body Systems Generic Review 7th Grade

Circulatory System

Also known as the Cardiovascular system, its main role is to transport nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.

Heart

A muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, beating about 60 to 100 times per minute.

Oxygenation

The process of adding oxygen to blood, which occurs in the lungs.

Blood Vessels

Pathways, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, that carry blood throughout the body.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, except for pulmonary arteries which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Capillaries

The smallest blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and allow for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Respiratory System

A system of organs that work together to intake oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.

Trachea

Also known as the windpipe; it branches into bronchi which connect to each lung.

Diaphragm

Dome-shaped muscle that contracts and moves down to allow air to enter the chest during inhalation.

Alveoli

Tiny sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, surrounded by capillaries.

Muscular System

Works closely with the skeletal system and includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle types.

Skeletal Muscle

The only voluntary muscles in the body, requiring conscious control to move.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscles that control organs without conscious thought, found in the stomach and liver.

Cardiac Muscle

The involuntary muscle found only in the heart.

Excretory System

Removes excess water and waste from the body, also known as the urinary system.

Kidneys

Organs that filter waste from blood and produce urine.

Urine

Liquid waste filtered from blood by kidneys, composed of 95% water.

Nervous System

Organ system made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that transmit signals between the brain and body.

Brain

The control center of the body, processing sensory information and coordinating responses.

Spinal Cord

A long band of tissue that carries nerve signals between the brain and the body.

Neurons

Specialized nerve cells that transmit impulses throughout the nervous system.

Immune System

Protects the body from pathogens and foreign substances.

White Blood Cells/Lymphocytes

Cells in the immune system that identify and attack pathogens.

Lymphatic System

A network that helps return leaked fluid to the blood and plays a role in immune responses.

Endocrine System

A system of glands that secrete hormones regulating metabolism, growth, and reproduction.

Hormones

Chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to affect target cells.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, primarily occurring in the leaves.

Vascular Tissue

Plant tissue responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Xylem

Tissue that transports water from roots to stems and leaves.

Phloem

Tissue that transports sugars produced during photosynthesis to different parts of the plant.

Asexual Reproduction

A reproductive process involving one parent that produces genetically identical offspring.

Sexual Reproduction

A reproductive process involving two parents that produce unique offspring through the fertilization of an egg by sperm.

Anatomy of a Sheep Eye

Study of the structure and function of the eye, including parts such as the cornea, lens, and retina.

Frog Anatomy

Similar to human anatomy, with notable differences such as a 3-chambered heart compared to the 4-chambered heart in humans.