PSYCH mini exams 7 and 8

Which of the following occurs when sexuality is imposed on others, when people are perceived as sex objects, when a person's value is reduced to their sexual appeal or sexual behavior, and/or when people are held to a standard that equates beauty with sexiness?

Sexualization

Research on parental communication with children about sex suggests the term __ is LEAST likely to be used in teaching children about how to refer to female genitalia.

Vulva

Which of the following statements BEST describes sexualization as outlined in the textbook?

When sexualized, a woman's worth is based on how pleasing she appears to be to others.

Which of the following occurs when women engage in body surveillance during sex?

cognitive distraction

Fowler et al.'s (2021) recent analysis of sex education content on TikTok found that the MOST frequent theme centered on

female sexual anatomy

According to research reviewed in the text, most self-sexualization (by dressing in provocative ways or sharing photos of oneself with others) occurs because

it leads to positive attention and feedback, including on social media.

In the United States, which is NOT a commonly held, core romantic belief?

The best love develops from friendship.

Valuing romantic relationships is seen as a central part of

Femininity

Mate retention behaviors are BEST described as

acts that keep a partner away from potential sexual rivals.

According to the text, how are scripts for hooking up most similar to scripts for dating?

Both types of scripts focus on what happens prior to sexual encounters, such as finding ways to spend time together that could lead to sexual interactions

How does sociocultural context and/or gender ideology affect the gender division of labor in heterosexual couples?

In more egalitarian countries, women do less housework overall.

Which of the following refers to the completion of household labor while also working outside the home?

the second shift

Mary-Lou Galician (2004) used the acronym __ to refer to media-perpetuated stereotypes about romance.

PERSCRIPTIONs meaning Partner is predestined, right away you know, expression is not necessary, sexual perfection, centerfolds prefered (meaning women should look like models to their male partners), Role of gender (men should always be taller), into a prince (love can change people), Pulgilism=passion(fighting means love), totally opposite values, incomplete without mate, actors=roles meaning actors are the characters they portray, not real/no effect meaning you're not affected by the media and you dont think it's real.

co-rumination

dwelling on the negatives with a person, leads to worsened friendship.

chandra mohanty

post colonal femanist. thirds world women, critqued western views. 

why are divorce rates lower

less ppl getting married

what did women wish men did more around the house

plan child activites.

What is sex positivity?

Advocates for the acceptance of a variety of sexual desires and consensual sex acts, but can create pressures that conflict with feminism.

What are sexual scripts?

Descriptions of behaviors that reflect beliefs about what is considered normal sexual behavior in a culture, often derived from media observations.

What is compulsory heterosexuality?

The idea that the only normal or acceptable sexual behaviors are heterosexual, which is a key aspect of gender role socialization.

Define performative bisexuality.

A sexual script where heterosexual women engage in sexual activities with other women for the enjoyment of men who are watching.

What is the sexual double standard?

The phenomenon where women are judged more harshly than men for engaging in comparable sexual behaviors.

What is slut shaming?

Criticism of women for their actual or presumed engagement in sexual behaviors.

What is the orgasm gap?

The disparity in orgasm frequency, where heterosexual women and bisexual women experience lower rates of orgasm compared to men.

What is sexual socialization?

The process of learning about sexuality, often influenced by parents, peers, and educational systems.

What are the key themes in sex talk with parents?

The responsibility of girls to avoid or control sexual encounters and the consequences of sex.

What is comprehensive sex education?

An educational approach that focuses on communication, interpersonal skills, and safer sex, allowing exploration of sexual identity.

What are the benefits of comprehensive sex education?

Associated with delayed initiation of sex and fewer sexual partners.

What is the impact of media on sexuality?

Media reinforces heteronormativity and often ignores women's desires, contributing to greater sexual risk-taking.

What is the difference between casual sex and hooking up?

Casual sex occurs outside of a relationship, while hooking up refers to sexual activity without expectations of commitment.

What is cognitive distraction in sexual contexts?

A shift of focus from a woman's feelings about the sexual experience to worrying about her partner's perception.

Define sexual agency.

The comfort and control one has over their own sexuality.

What are the three types of social support?

Informational, instrumental, and emotional support.

What is relational aggression?

Indirect forms of aggression that damage others' existing or potential relationships.

What is compulsory monogamy?

The expectation that everyone, especially women, should strive to find one person to marry who meets all their desires.

What is polygamy?

A marital arrangement where one husband has multiple wives, often tied to religious practices.

What is the wedding industrial complex?

The phenomenon where weddings are heavily commercialized, with significant spending on average.

What are the psychological and economic consequences of divorce?

Divorce can lead to emotional distress and financial instability, with varying rates among different demographics.

What is the second shift?

The additional household labor women perform after their paid work, often including childcare and emotional labor.

What is gender deviance neutralization?

When individuals overcompensate in gender-stereotypical behaviors in one domain to align with expectations in another.

What factors contribute to friendship formation?

Shared social identities and interests, with a tendency for people to form friendships within similar social groups.

What is active constructive responding?

A way to increase social support by responding positively and excitedly to someone's good news.

KAREN WALKER

challenged the idea about male friendships

Informational social supports

are people who help give advice or ideas to help people.

Instrumental social supports

provide tagable assistance like money, goods and services.

Emotional social supports

enable others to feel nurtured and cared for.

Active constructive responding

increases social support relationships when you respond excited and happy when someone shares good news.

Relational aggression

indirect forms of agession that involeves damanging other's existing or potentioal relationships/social status.

identity based bullying

bullying based of actual or perceived memebership of a social group.

Culture of romance

Cultivation theory what we see or watch does affect us and the media portrayals have affects on us. This can lead to unrealistic expectations and beliefs.

Dating scripts

descriptions of supposedly normal behaviors in the context of a date, tend to be heteronormative.