Strasinger AUBF - Renal diseases (Tubular disorders book based)

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Primary disorder associated with damage to the renal tubules

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Damaged to the RTE cells may be produced by decreased blood flow that causes a lack of oxygen presentation to the tubules (ischemia) or the presence of toxic substances in the urinary filtrate

Shock

A term indicating a severe condition that decreases the flow of blood throughout the body

Nephrotoxic agents

Aminoglycoside antibiotics, antifungal agent amphotericin B, cyclosporine, radiographic dye, organic solvents, filtration of large amounts of hemoglobin and myoglobin

Fanconi Syndrome

Most frequent disorder associated with tubular dysfunction

Fanconi Syndrome

Consist of a generalize failure of tubular reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule

Fanconi Syndrome

Tubular reabsorption may be affected by dysfunction of the transport of filtered substances across the tubular membranes, disruption of cellular energy needed for transport, or changes in the tubular membrane permeability

Fanconi Syndrome

Urinalysis findings include glycosuria with a normal blood glucose, mild proteinuria, low pH because of failure to reabsorb bicarbonate

Alport syndrome

An inherited disorder of collagen production affecting the glomerular basement membrane

Alport syndrome

Prognosis ranges from mild symptoms to persistent hematuria and renal insufficiency to the nephrotic syndrome and end-stage renal disease

Uromodulin

A glycoprotein, only protein produced by the kidney

Proxima, distal convoluted tubules

Uromodulin is produced by the ___ and ___, primary protein found in normal urine

Uromodulin-Associated Kidney disease

An inherited disorder caused by an autosomal mutation in the gene that produces uromodulin

Uromodulin-Associated Kidney disease

Mutation causes decrease in normal uromodulin production, increase serum uric acid

Diabetic nephropathy

Currently the most common cause of end-stage renal disease

Diabetic nephropathy

Damage to glomerular membrane also occurs because of increased proliferation of mesangial cells and increased deposition of cellular and noncellular material within the glomerular matrix resulting in accumulation of solid substances around the capillary tufts

Microalbuminuria

Early monitoring of persons diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for the presence of ___ is important to detect the onset of diabetic nephropathy

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Can be inherited as a sex-linked recessive gene or acquired from medication including lithium and amphotericin B

Polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell anemia

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus may be seen as a complication of ___ and ___

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Findings includes low specific gravity, pale yellow color, false negative results for chemical tests

Renal glycosuria

Affects only the reabsorption of glucose

Renal glycosuria

Either the number of glucose transporters in the tubules is decreased or the affinity of the transporters for glucose is decreased

160 to 180 mg/dL

Maximal tubular reabsorption capacity for glucose (TMG)

Renal glycosuria

Patients have increased urine glucose concentrations but with normal blood glucose concentrations